Under the Fair Labor Standards Act $($FLSA$),$ the U$.$S$.$ Department of Labor imposes limits on the employment of minors, i$.$e$.,$ individuals under age $18.$ Consider how the reforms described would affect labor supply in the construction industry.

a$.$ Minors are required to take a year$-$long training course to be able to work in industries deemed hazardous, including construction.

b$.$ Minors are now permitted to operate heavy machinery such as bulldozers.

c$.$ Minors who graduate with a $3\mathrm{.}5$ GPA or above are given a $$20,000$ check from the Department of Labor.

d$.$ Minors' maximum amount of work hours per week is cut in half.

e$.$ Minors now must be paid $10\%$ above the federal minimum wage.