Under the law of agency, the ratification doctrine

Is not applicable to situations in which the party claiming to act as the agent for another has no express or implied authority to do so.

Is designed to apply to situations in which the principal was originally incompetent to have made the contract himself, but who, upon becoming competent, ratifies.

Requires the principal to ratify the entire act of the agent, and the ratification is retroactive.

Applies only if the principal expressly ratifies the contract made on his behalf within a reasonable time in writing.