Underline the term or phrase that best explains the following statements:

1. Specific steps in planning are followed to make sure the plans are formulated according to the [capabilities, potentials, capabilities and potentials] of the country.

2. The democratic process in planning will [keep the people informed, involve the public] in what the government wants to pursue.

3. The technical staff of a planning body should be well trained because their work involves [clerical, technical assistance, the future of the country].

4. A national plan comes from [several sector plans, regional plans, sectoral and regional plans] in a mixed economy.

5. Planning is a continuous process because a plan [is affected by many factors, should be reviewed, can be wrong].

6. A plan is formulated under [an abundance of resources, limitations, pressure].

7. The need to make a plan for an economic problem is [automatic, something that must be decided by planners].

8. A successful plan abroad can [fit in, not just be adopted, be borrowed] by any country who may be interested.

9. A plan is formulated using information on [financial, values, financial aspects and values].

10. Responsibilities in planning should be [clear, flexible, given] to avoid conflicts among the different departments of the government.

11. Planning is based on [current, past and present, past and future] information about the economic activities of a country.

12. When defects are found in a plan, usually the plan is [cancelled, revised, kept].

13. Sectoral shortfalls [always, seldom] happen in any country.

14. The objective of a plan is a [given information, can be changed] by evaluators.

15. A good development plan should result in [financial, social, financial and social] benefits to the people concerned.

16. Agricultural shortfalls affect development because other sectors [depend on, do not support] this sector.

17. Targets in development plans are expressed in [financial, physical] terms.

18. Organization and administration of a development plan requires [accounting, political science, managerial] talents.

19. Economic incentives provided by the government [limits, supports, makes it easy] for businessmen to support development. 20. Politicians [should be concerned, should be involved, should refrain] on the administrative tasks of plan implementation.

Identification. Identify the stage in the formulation of plans where the following activities can be classified. Write your answers using numbers to indicate the stage [for example, 1 for stage 1, 2 for stage 2, etc] on the blanks before each number. A.

1. determination of changes in lifestyles, financial institutions, technical staff available

2. it has been established that unemployment rates have been increasing for the past five years

3. the country will have difficulty borrowing from abroad, literacy rates will not increase, and additional power plants will not be operational as expected

4. the planners have concluded that productivity of farms can only be improved by providing the area with irrigation facilities

5. the different departments of the government will now get their respective assignments after the policies and strategies have been formulated

6. the government will continue to observe the development of areas and the living standards of the people after the implementation of a plan

7. the planners will decide if they will borrow from the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, IMF, etc.

8. the strategies and programs will be ranked which should be first implemented up to the last activity

9. the planners will consult with the evaluators on their findings after reviewing the plan

10. study of the plan is conducted to make timely modifications

B. Write the position or person in charge of the following functions in planning. Limit your answers to statisticians, planning body, technical staff, chief of office, government, evaluator, and planners. Write your answers on the blanks after each number. [Note: You may use one answer several times]

1. ensures timely gathering of data _______________

2. will handle planning, coordination and implementation of development projects in a country _______________

3. assist in the formulation of development policies _______________

4. directs and coordinates planning activities in the country _______________

5. general political support _______________

6. provides technical assistance to other departments of the government _______________

7. reviews and analyzes plans _______________

8. decides on strategies to be used _______________

9. data collection _______________

10. evaluation of plans _______________

11. strategy formulation _______________

12. choice of criteria for evaluation _______________

13. establishment of a planning body _______________

14. preparation of a national development plan ____________

15. determines financial and social benefits ______________

16. provides economic incentives _______________

17. development of a strong entrepreneural group ___________

18. formulation of plans _______________

19. initiates studies on development _______________

20. choice of agency where to borrow money is determined _______________