Question
University endowments are financial assets that are donated by supporters to be used to provide income to universities. There is a large discrepancy in the
University endowments are financial assets that are donated by supporters to be used to provide income to universities. There is a large discrepancy in the size of university endowments. The following table provides a listing of many of the universities that have the largest endowments as reported by the National Association of College and University Business Officers in 2017 (Data are below)
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1. Sort the table based on the university endowment, from largest to smallest.
2. Highlight universities if the endowment is greater than 10 billion dollars.
3. Provide a frequency distribution based on the endowment (classes 0-5, 5.1-10, 10.1-15, 15.1-20, and 20+).
4. Based on the bins in Q3, provide additional relative frequency distribution, cumulative frequency distribution, and cumulative relative frequency distribution separetely, and summarize what do these distributions tell you about the endowments of universities?
5. Show a histogram based
University | Endowment Amount ($ Billions) |
Harvard University | 36.0 |
Yale University | 27.2 |
University of Texas | 26.5 |
Stanford University | 24.8 |
Princeton University | 23.8 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology | 15.0 |
University of Pennsylvania | 12.2 |
Texas A&M University | 11.6 |
University of Michigan | 10.9 |
Northwestern University | 10.4 |
Columbia University | 10.0 |
University of California | 9.8 |
University of Notre Dame | 9.4 |
University of Virginia | 8.6 |
Washington University in St. Louis | 7.9 |
Duke University | 7.9 |
University of Chicago | 7.5 |
Emory University | 6.9 |
Cornell University | 6.8 |
Rice University | 5.8 |
University of Southern California | 5.1 |
Dartmouth College | 5.0 |
Ohio State University | 4.3 |
Vanderbilt University | 4.1 |
Pennsylvania State University | 4.0 |
New York University | 4.0 |
University of Pittsburgh | 3.9 |
Johns Hopkins University | 3.8 |
University of Minnesota | 3.5 |
Brown University | 3.2 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | 3.0 |
University of Wisconsin-Madison | 2.7 |
Michigan State University | 2.7 |
University of Illinois | 2.6 |
California Institute of Technology | 2.6 |
Williams College | 2.5 |
University of Washington | 2.5 |
University of Richmond | 2.4 |
Purdue University | 2.4 |
Boston College | 2.3 |
Pomona College | 2.2 |
Indiana University | 2.2 |
Carnegie Mellon University | 2.2 |
Amherst College | 2.2 |
University of Rochester | 2.1 |
University of California, Los Angeles | 2.1 |
Swarthmore College | 2.0 |
Rockefeller University | 2.0 |
Georgia Institute of Technology | 2.0 |
Boston University | 2.0 |
Wellesley College | 1.9 |
Grinnell College | 1.9 |
Virginia Commonwealth University | 1.8 |
University of California, Berkeley | 1.8 |
Smith College | 1.8 |
Case Western Reserve University | 1.8 |
Tufts University | 1.7 |
Georgetown University | 1.7 |
George Washington University | 1.7 |
University of Oklahoma | 1.6 |
Yale University | CT | $27.176[14] | $27.17 | $25.409[3] | $25.572[4] | $23.900[5] | $20.780[6] | $19.345[7] | $19.374[8] | $16.652[10] | $16.327[11] | $22.870[12] | $22.530[13] |
University of Texas System | TX | $26.535[14] | $26.53 | $24.203[3] | $24.083[4] | $25.426[5] | $20.448[6] | $18.264[7] | $17.149[8] | $14.052[10] | $12.163[11] | $16.111[12] | $15.614[13] |
Stanford University | CA | $24.785[14] | $24.78 | $22.398[3] | $22.223[4] | $21.446[5] | $18.668[6] | $17.036[7] | $16.503[8] | $13.851[10] | $12.619[11] | $17.200[12] | $17.165[13] |
Princeton University | NJ | $23.812[14] | $23.81 | $22.153[3] | $22.723[4] | $20.996[5] | $18.200[6] | $16.954[7] | $17.110[8] | $14.391[10] | $12.614[11] | $16.349[12] | $15.787[13] |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology | MA | $14.968[14] | $14.96 | $13.182[3] | $13.475[4] | $12.425[5] | $11.005[6] | $10.150[7] | $9.713[8] | $8.317[10] | $7.982[11] | $10.069[12] | $9.980[13] |
University of Pennsylvania | PA | $12.213[14] | $12.21 | $10.715[3] | $10.134[4] | $9.582[5] | $7.741[6] | $6.755[7] | $6.582[8] | $5.669[10] | $5.171[11] | $6.233[12] | $6.635[13] |
Texas A&M University System | TX | $11.556[14] | $11.55 | $10.540[3] | $10.477[4] | $11.104[5] | $8.732[6] | $7.639[7] | $7.000[8] | $5.738[10] | $5.084[11] | $6.659[12] | $6.590[13] |
University of Michigan | MI | $10.936[14] | $10.93 | $9.743[3] | $9.952[4] | $9.731[5] | $8.382[6] | $7.691[7] | $7.835[8] | $6.564[10] | $6.001[11] | $7.572[12] | $7.090[13] |
Northwestern University | IL | $10.437[14] | $10.43 | $9.648[3] | $10.193[4] | $9.778[5] | $7.883[6] | $7.119[7] | $7.183[8] | $5.945[10] | $5.445[11] | $7.244[12] | $6.503[13] |
Columbia University | NY | $9.997[14] | $9.997 | $9.041[3] | $9.639[4] | $9.223[5] | $8.197[6] | $7.654[7] | $7.790[8] | $6.517[10] | $5.893[11] | $7.147[12] | $7.150[13] |
University of California | CA | $9.788[14] | $9.788 | $8.341[3] | $7.997[4] | $7.384[5] | $6.337[6] | $5.963[7] | $6.342[8] | $5.441[10] | $4.937[11] | $6.217[12] | $6.439[13] |
University of Notre Dame | IN | $9.352[14] | $9.352 | $8.374[3] | $8.567[4] | $8.040[5] | $6.856[6] | $6.330[7] | $6.260[8] | $5.235[10] | $4.795[11] | $6.226[12] | $5.977[13] |
University of Virginia | VA | $8.621[14] | $8.621 | $5.852[3] | $6.181[4] | $5.946[5] | $5.116[6] | $4.789[7] | $4.761[8] | $3.707[10] | $3.577[11] | $4.526[12] | $4.370[13] |
Duke University | NC | $7.911[14] | $7.911 | $6.840[3] | $7.297[4] | $7.037[5] | $6.040[6] | $5.555[7] | $5.747[8] | $4.824[10] | $4.441[11] | $6.124[12] | $5.910[13] |
Washington University in St. Louis | MO | $7.860[14] | $7.860 | $6.462[3] | $6.819[4] | $6.643[5] | $5.651[6] | $5.226[7] | $5.280[8] | $4.473[10] | $4.081[11] | $5.350[12] | $5.658[13] |
University of Chicago | IL | $7.524[14] | $7.524 | $7.001[3] | $7.550[4] | $7.546[5] | $6.668[6] | $6.571[7] | $6.575[8] | $5.543[10] | $5.578[11] | $6.632[12] | $6.204[13] |
Emory University | GA | $6.905[14] | $6.905 | $6.402[3] | $6.684[4] | $6.681[5] | $5.816[6] | $5.461[7] | $5.400[8] | $4.694[10] | $4.328[11] | $5.473[12] | $5.562[13] |
Cornell University | NY | $6.758[14] | $6.758 | $5.758[3] | $6.038[4] | $6.312[5] | $5.272[6] | $4.947[7] | $5.059[8] | $4.379[10] | $3.966[11] | $5.385[12] | $5.425[13] |
Rice University | TX | $5.814[14] | $5.814 | $5.324[3] | $5.557[4] | $5.528[5] | $4.836[6] | $4.419[7] | $4.451[8] | $4.100[10] | $3.613[11] | $4.610[12] | $4.670[13] |
University of Southern California | CA | $5.128[14] | $5.128 | $4.609[3] | $4.710[4] | $4.593[5] | $3.868[6] | $3.489[7] | $3.517[8] | $2.948[10] | $2.671[11] | $3.589[12] | $3.715[13] |
Dartmouth College | NH | $4.956[14] | $4.956 | $4.674[3] | $4.663[4] | $4.468[5] | $3.733[6] | $3.486[7] | $3.413[8] | $2.998[10] | $2.825[11] | $3.660[12] | $3.760[13] |
Ohio State University | OH | $4.253[14] | $4.253 | $3.579[3] | $3.634[4] | $3.548[5] | $3.149[6] | $2.366[7] | $2.121[8] | $1.869[10] | $1.652[11] | $2.076[12] | $2.338[13] |
Vanderbilt University | TN | $4.136[14] | $4.136 | $3.822[3] | $4.134[4] | $4.086[5] | $3.673[6] | $3.399[7] | $3.415[8] | $3.044[10] | $2.834[11] | $3.524[12] | $3.487[13] |
New York University | NY | $3.991[14] | $3.991 | $3.488[3] | $3.576[4] | $3.424[5] | $2.949[6] | $2.755[7] | $2.827[8] | $2.370[10] | $2.094[11] | $2.475[12] | $2.162[13] |
Pennsylvania State University | PA | $3.991[14] | $3.991 | $3.602[3] | $3.636[4] | $3.446[5] | $2.956[6] | $1.780[7] | $1.725[8] | $1.368[10] | $1.226[11] | $1.545[12] | $1.590[13] |
University of Pittsburgh | PA | $3.945[14] | $3.945 | $3.525[3] | $3.589[4] | $3.493[5] | $2.975[6] | $2.618[7] | $2.527[8] | $2.033[10] | $1.837[11] | $2.334[12] | $2.254[13] |
Johns Hopkins University | MD | $3.845[14] | $3.845 | $3.381[3] | $3.413[4] | $3.452[5] | $2.987[6] | $2.593[7] | $2.598[8] | $2.220[10] | $1.977[11] | $2.525[12] | $2.800[13] |
University of Minnesota | MN | $3.494[14] | $3.494 | $3.281[3] | $3.297[4] | $3.165[5] | $2.757[6] | $2.494[7] | $2.503[8] | $2.196[10] | $2.086[11] | $2.751[12] | $2.804[13] |
Brown University | RI | $3.245[14] | $3.245 | $2.964[3] | $3.073[4] | $3.000[5] | $2.669[6] | $2.460[7] | $2.497[8] | $2.155[10] | $2.017[11] | $2.747[12] | $2.781[13] |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | NC | $3.027[14] | $3.027 | $2.890[3] | $2.989[4] | $2.696[5] | $2.381[6] | $2.179[7] | $2.261[8] | $1.979[10] | $1.905[11] | $2.359[12] | $2.164[13] |
University of Wisconsin-Madison | WI | $2.746[14] | $2.746 | $2.419[3] | $2.465[4] | $2.332[5] | $2.020[6] | $1.812[7] | $1.873[8] | $1.551[10] | $1.373[11] | $1.735[12] | $1.645[13] |
Michigan State University | MI | $2.683[14] | $2.683 | $2.225[3] | $2.700[4] | $2.145[5] | $1.367[6] | $1.407[7] | $1.400[8] | $1.148[10] | $1.047[11] | $1.282[12] | $1.248[13] |
California Institute of Technology | CA | $2.607[14] | $2.607 | $2.107[3] | $2.199[4] | $2.094[5] | $1.849[6] | $1.747[7] | $1.772[8] | $1.545[10] | $1.398[11] | $1.892[12] | $1.860[13] |
University of Illinois system | IL | $2.557[14] | $2.557 | $2.291[3] | $2.388[4] | $2.278[5] | $1.925[6] | $1.667[7] | $1.601[8] | $1.290[10] | $1.112[11] | $1.459[12] | $1.515[13] |
University of Washington | WA | $2.529[14] | $2.529 | $2.968[3] | $3.076[4] | $2.833[5] | $2.346[6] | $2.111[7] | $2.154[8] | $1.905[10] | $1.649[11] | $2.262[12] | $2.184[13] |
Williams College | MA | $2.508[14] | $2.508 | $2.256[3] | $2.395[4] | $2.253[5] | $1.996[6] | $1.799[7] | $1.784[8] | $1.527[10] | $1.409[11] | $1.808[12] | $1.892[13] |
Purdue University | IN | $2.425[14] | $2.425 | $2.255[3] | $2.398[4] | $2.443[5] | $2.182[6] | $1.917[7] | $2.002[8] | $1.633[10] | $1.458[11] | $1.736[12] | $1.787[13] |
University of Richmond | VA | $2.373[14] | $2.373 | $2.372[3] | $2.372[4] | $2.313[5] | $2.023[6] | $1.868[7] | $1.877[8] | $1.615[10] | $1.417[11] | $1.704[12] | $1.655[13] |
Boston College | MA | $2.317[14] | $2.317 | $2.064[3] | $2.220[4] | $2.131[5] | $1.809[6] | $1.646[7] | $1.726[8] | $1.480[10] | $1.341[11] | $1.631[12] | $1.670[13] |
Amherst College | MA | $2.248[14] | $2.248 | $2.031[3] | $2.194[4] | $2.149[5] | $1.823[6] | $1.641[7] | $1.642[8] | $1.386[10] | $1.306[11] | $1.705[12] | $1.662[13] |
Indiana University | IN | $2.229[14] | $2.229 | $1.986[3] | $1.974[4] | $1.988[5] | $1.735[6] | $1.577[7] | $1.575[8] | $1.371[10] | $1.227[11] | $1.546[12] | $1.557[13] |
Pomona College | CA | $2.167[14] | $2.167 | $1.985[3] | $2.099[4] | $2.101[5] | $1.823[6] | $1.680[7] | $1.700[8] | $1.459[10] | $1.334[11] | $1.794[12] | $1.761[13] |
Carnegie Mellon University | PA | $2.154[14] | $2.154 | $1.709[3] | $1.739[4] | $1.600[5] | $1.371[6] | $0.987[7] | $1.017[8] | $0.815[10] | $0.754[11] | $1.067[12] | $1.116[13] |
University of Rochester | NY | $2.121[14] | $2.121 | $2.190[3] | $2.050[4] | $2.015[5] | $1.730[6] | $1.582[7] | $1.623[8] | $1.368[10] | $1.315[11] | $1.731[12] | $1.726[13] |
University of California, Los Angeles | CA | $2.063[14] | $2.063 | $1.803[3] | $1.865[4] | $1.733[5] | $1.526[6] | $1.331[7] | $1.486[8] | $0.996[10] | $0.895[11] | $1.054[12] | $0.975[13] |
Rockefeller University | NY | $2.049[14] | $2.049 | $1.927[3] | $1.987[4] | $1.986[5] | $1.772[6] | $1.662[7] | $1.746[8] | $1.561[10] | $1.528[11] | $2.021[12] | $2.144[12] |
Georgia Institute of Technology | GA | $1.985[14] | $1.985 | $1.844[3] | $1.859[4] | $1.889[5] | $1.714[6] | $1.608[7] | $1.620[8] | $1.051[10] | $0.994[11] | $1.344[12] | $1.281[13] |
Boston University | MA | $1.957[14] | $1.957 | $1.655[3] | $1.644[4] | $1.616[5] | $1.369[6] | $1.104[7] | $1.160[8] | $0.992[10] | $0.892[11] | $1.145[12] | $1.101[13] |
Swarthmore College | PA | $1.956[14] | $1.956 | $1.747[3] | $1.846[4] | $1.877[5] | $1.634[6] | $1.499[7] | $1.508[8] | $1.249[10] | $1.129[11] | $1.413[12] | $1.441[13] |
Wellesley College | MA | $1.930[14] | $1.930 | $1.785[3] | $1.854[4] | $1.808[5] | $1.550[6] | $1.445[7] | $1.500[8] | $1.307[10] | $1.266[11] | $1.611[12] | $1.657[13] |
Grinnell College | IA | $1.871[14] | $1.871 | $1.649[3] | $1.788[4] | $1.830[5] | $1.553[6] | $1.384[7] | $1.500[8] | $1.265[10] | $1.076[11] | $1.472[12] | $1.718[13] |
Virginia Commonwealth University | VA | $1.843[14] | $1.843 | $1.560[3] | $1.638[4] | $1.509[5] | $1.327[6] | $0.438[7] | $0.350[8] | $0.281[10] | $0.253[11] | $0.330[12] | $0.329[13] |
Case Western Reserve University | OH | $1.799[14] | $1.799 | $1.663[3] | $1.776[4] | $1.759[5] | $1.678[6] | $1.600[7] | $1.703[8] | $1.462[10] | $1.402[11] | $1.766[12] | $1.841[13] |
University of California, Berkeley | CA | $1.795[14] | $1.795 | $1.586[3] | $1.575[3] | $1.496[5] | $1.243[6] | $1.089[7] | $1.055[8] | $0.996[10] | $0.895[11] | $0.872[12] | $0.837[13] |
Smith College | MA | $1.767[14] | $1.767 | $1.627[3] | $1.782[4] | $1.756[5] | $1.557[6] | $1.410[7] | $1.430[8] | $1.244[10] | $1.096[11] | $1.366[12] | $1.361[13] |
Tufts University | MA | $1.739[14] | $1.739 | $1.563[3] | $1.593[4] | $1.590[5] | $1.440[6] | $1.351[7] | $1.404[8] | $1.214[10] | $1.103[11] | $1.446[12] | $1.452[13] |
George Washington University | DC | $1.729[14] | $1.729 | $1.570[3] | $1.616[4] | $1.577[5] | $1.375[6] | $1.306[7] | $1.331[8] | $1.144[10] | $1.011[11] | $1.256[12] | $1.147[13] |
Georgetown University | DC | $1.662[14] | $1.662 | $1.484[3] | $1.529[4] | $1.461[5] | $1.286[6] | $1.142[7] | $1.160[8] | $1.010[10] | $0.895[11] | $1.059[12] | $1.059[13] |
University of Oklahoma | OK | $1.646[14] | $1.646 | $1.520[3] | $1.523[4] | $1.493[5] | $1.324[6] | $1.172[7] | $1.212[8] | $0.968[10] | $0.848[11] | $1.155[12] | $1.114[13] |
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