University Transfer Lakeland College 4. Dale Carnegie stated that smiling helps win friends and influence people. Research on the effects of smiling has backed this up and shown that a smiling person is judged to be more pleasant, attractive, sincere, sociable, and competent than a non-smiling person. There is evidence that smiling can attenuate judgments of possible wrongdoing. This phe- nomenon termed the "smile-leniency effect" was the focus of a study by Marianne LaFrance & Marvin Hecht in 1995. These researchers were interested in "Does smiling really increase leniency?" A survey was given to 138 randomly selected persons in Sas- katchewan. The respondents were asked if they agree or disagree with the following statement: "I would be more likely to forgive a person of shoplifting if I saw a picture of their face with a friendly smile." The number of people saying they agree was 65. A) Find the sample proportion. (1 mark) P : 65 138 = 0.471 B) Draw a well labelled diagram for the sampling distribution of the sample proportion if the population proportion of people in the province in Saskatchewan agreeing with the statement is 0.50. (2 marks) C) What is the probability of obtaining the sample proportion (in part a) or lower given the population proportion is 0.50? (2 marks)