Upon discovering that a contracted foreign manufacturer had used, in the manufacturing process, a substance prohibited under U.S. law, the U.S. companies which had manufactured and sold the items opted to recall the items. The companies:

would not be liable for injuries to item purchasers resulting from that because the U.S. companies neither actually manufactured the items, nor had they authorized use of the prohibited substance

will avoid any liability as no privity of contract exists

would be liable to the item purchasers who used the items as the seller/manufacturer

would not be liable since they were previously unaware of the use of the prohibited substance

none of the above