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Urgent African elephants have large tusks. During the Mozambican Civil War (1977 to 1992), thousands of elephants were killed for the valuable ivory in their

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African elephants have large tusks. During the Mozambican Civil War (1977 to 1992), thousands of elephants were killed for the valuable ivory in their tusks. This caused the rapid evolution of a new "tuskless" phenotype in the elephant population. In a study published this year, researchers identified the genes that cause tusklessness in elephants. They also found that the offspring of tuskless mother elephants are more likely to be female. This is because the genes for tusklessness are also harmful to developing male embryos. Below, you can see one of the figures from the study. Maternal Phenotype 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.65 Proportion of female offspring to Proportion of female offspring 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.55 0.0 0.5 Female Offspring Phenotype Maternal Phenotype Panel (A) shows how tusklessness is a heritable trait: a female elephant is much more likely to have tusks if her mother has tusks. Panel (B) shows how tusklessness of a mother elephant is associated with the sex of the offspring she produces. Tuskless mother elephants are more likely to give birth to females than males, whereas tusked mothers give birth to males and females with approximately equal probability. Can you identify one key way that this figure misleads readers about the data? Briefly describe the problem, and what you would recommend to fix it. [up to 1 bonus mark for this question]

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