Urgent need _ Multiple choice questions:

1. How does humanity's current ecological footprint compare with the available land on the planet?

(a ) Humanity's ecological footprint is about 25% of the available land.

(b ) Humanity's ecological footprint is about 85% of the available land.

(c) Humanity's ecological footprint is about 120% of the available land.

(d) Humanity's ecological footprint is about 165% of the available land.

(e) Humanity's ecological footprint is about 260% of the available land.

2.

The view that humans should minimize interference with natural systems is called ..

(a ) the precautionary principle.

(b) strong sustainability.

(c) weak sustainability.

(d ) absorptive capacity.

(e) physical accounting.

3. Standard economic theory generally assumes that :

(a) humans are in a "full-world" stage of development.

(b) there is a scale limit to the growth of the economic system.

(c) natural capital depreciation needs to be incorporated into national accounts.

(d) throughput should be minimized.

(e) resources are substitutable.

4.

What type of sustainability generally assumes limited substitutability among resources?

1. Open sustainability

(b ) Closed sustainability

(c)Weak sustainability

(d ) Strong sustainability

(e) Optimal sustainability

5.

Which one of the following statements about sustainability is false?

(a)Weak sustainability could allow a country to reduce its forest cover over time.

(b)Weak sustainability assumes that human capital can substitute for natural capital.

(c)Strong sustainability seeks to maximize human welfare over time

(d) Strong sustainability would maintain thew value of natural capital stocks.

(e) Weak sustainability would require government intervention.

6.

What type of sustainability is generally associated with standard economic theory:

1. Open sustainability
2. Closed sustainability
3. Weak sustainability
4. Strong sustainability
5. Optimal sustainability

7. Which one of the following statements is false?

1. The economically optimal level of pollution based on standard environmental economics is always less than the absorptive capacity of the environment.
2. Standard economic theory generally assumes substitutability between resources
3. Satellite accounts can indicate the abundance or scarcity of natural resources over time.
4. Cutting down forests is an example of natural capital depreciation.
5. Complementarity suggests that both natural and manufactured capital are necessary for production.
8. 8.Which one of the following statements about national accounting is false?

(a) Gross Domestic Product does not account for natural capital depreciation.

(b) Net investment implies that productive capital is increasing over time.

(c) Capital depreciation accounts for wearing-out of capital over time.

(d)A negative net investment implies a decline in national wealth.

(e) Satellite accounts provide monetary estimates of the depletion of capital.

9.

Suppose you receive $10,000 and the prevailing interest rate is 10%. Using the definition of income proposed by John Hicks, what is your annual income (assume zero inflation)?

1. $100,000
2. $10,000
3. $1,000
4. $100
5. $0

10. The combined input and waste flows in a system is called ..

(a) absorptive capacity.

(b) scale.

(c) throughput.

(d) strong sustainability.

(e) weak sustainability.

Give explanation