>>use percentages in the second panel of Table 1b to describe the relationship observed between the independent variable and the dependent variable among girls in the sample. Is there a relationship? How strong is it. Who, among girls, if anyone, is more likely to have engaged in sexual intercourse for the first time two years later?

>>Is the relationship observed between the independent variable and the dependent variable among girls in the sample due to chance? Examine the p-value reported at the bottom of the second panel of Table 1b. If alpha is set to .05, is there sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no relationship and support the claim that there is a relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable in the population of girls from which the sample was drawn?

Table 1b. Living arrangement in 1980 and transition to sexual intercourse among boys and girls in a panel study of 501 White virgin adolescents first interviewed in 1980 as junior high school students in a medium-sized city in the United States South Boys Engaged in Sexual Intercourse between 1980-1982 for First Time Living Arrangement in 1980 No Yes Total Living with ... Both Biological Parents 74.3% 25.7 100.0% (167) One Biological Parent and a Step-parent 73.9% 26.1 100.0% (23) Biological Mother Only 76.0% 24.0 100.0% (25) x2 = 0.038, df = 2, p > .05 Girls Engaged in Sexual Intercourse between 1980-1982 for First Time Living Arrangement in 1980 No Yes Total Living with ... Both Biological Parents 82.9% 17.1 100.0% (222) One Biological Parent and a Step-parent 75.0% 25.0 100.0% (28) Biological Mother Only 50.0% 50.0 100.0% (36) x2 = 19.661, df = 2, p <.001 note: adapted from newcomer susan and j. richard wdry. marital status effects on adolescent sexual behavior. journal of marriage the family>