Use R to conduct a General Linear Test (GLT) to investigate whether , and have an equivalent linear effect on . Specify the null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypotheses, establish a Reduced model and a Full model, calculate the test statistic, determine the critical value, calculate the p-value, and state your conclusion.

Variable Notation	Variable name	Variable Type	Description
X1	Medical doctors	Continuous	Number of doctors per 10000 persons.
X2	Nurses and Midwives	Continuous	Number of nurses and midwives per 10000 persons.
X3	Pharmacists	Continuous	Number of pharmacists per 10000 persons.
Y	Life Expectancy	Continuous	The life expectancy of the country in the year.

data base

Country	2015Life.expectancy	Medical doctors	Nurses	Pharmacists
Afghanistan	65	2.54	4.52	0.29
Albania	77.8	18.83	58.31	10.86
Algeria	75.6	17.32	15.59	4.49
Angola	52.4	2.11	4.01	0.74
Antigua and Barbuda	76.4	28.98	95.77	1.83
Argentina	76.3	38.95	54.47	4.97
Armenia	74.8	45.46	50.34	0.5
Australia	82.8	41.02	148.2	10.44
Austria	81.5	54.59	107.7	7.32
Azerbaijan	72.7	31.11	62.78	1.95
Bahamas	76.1	18.55	43.82	5.34
Bahrain	76.9	8.42	23.46	1.63
Bangladesh	71.8	6.7	6.13	1.01
Barbados	75.5	25.5	31.36	9.31
Belarus	72.3	44.34	107.1	3.53
Belgium	81.1	62.57	205.3	20.27
Belize	71	10.81	23.48	6.78
Benin	60	0.62	2.91	0.26
Bhutan	69.8	5.6	22.1	0.63
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	77	10.08	15.26	2.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	77.4	21.03	56.05	1.26
Botswana	65.7	3.48	50.18	1.99
Brazil	75	21.42	55.13	3.36
Brunei Darussalam	77.7	19.13	67.11	2.13
Bulgaria	74.5	41.68	47.41	8.24
Burkina Faso	59.9	0.91	8.99	0.15
Burundi	59.6	0.65	7.58	0.079
Cabo Verde	73.3	7.91	12.36	3.01
Cambodia	68.7	2.14	10.25	0.35
Cameroon	57.3	1.24	1.93	0.097
Canada	82.2	24.64	102.7	10.55
Central African Republic	52.5	0.66	2.35	0.071
Chad	53.1	0.58	1.98	0.083
Chile	85	29.73	46.01	6.3
China	76.1	23.87	33.05	3.21
Colombia	74.8	23.62	14.49	1.69
Comoros	63.5	2.83	15.9	0.71
Congo	64.7	1	9.34	0.29
Costa Rica	79.6	27.7	30.63	11.73
Cte d'Ivoire	53.3	1.6	6.45	0.36
Croatia	78	34.66	80.93	7.15
Cyprus	85	53.75	46.28	13.3
Czechia	78.8	54.69	92.03	7.21
Democratic People's Republic of Korea	76	36.71	44.34	3.96
Democratic Republic of the Congo	59.8	3.62	10.72	0.19
Denmark	86	42.64	105.4	4.45
Djibouti	63.5	2.03	6.62	2.12
Dominican Republic	73.9	14.33	14.4	1.16
Ecuador	76.2	22.32	25.16	0.42
Egypt	79	7.09	18.27	4.34
El Salvador	73.5	29.13	26.35	5.37
Equatorial Guinea	58.2	3.5	2.7	0.067
Eritrea	64.7	0.82	14.43	1.31
Estonia	77.6	38.63	111.8	7.39
Eswatini	58.9	1.4	24.71	0.41
Ethiopia	64.8	1.04	7.7	0.46
Fiji	69.9	8.14	38.37	1.04
Finland	81.1	43.25	223.2	20.12
France	82.4	33.24	122.2	10.64
Gabon	66	5.94	26.8	0.61
Gambia	61.1	0.77	8.88	0.019
Georgia	74.4	54.05	58.75	0.92
Germany	81	45.18	123.5	6.68
Ghana	62.4	1.64	34.96	0.43
Greece	81	63.06	36.98	10.86
Grenada	73.6	13.14	57.47	6.25
Guatemala	71.9	12.8	23.08	1.22
Guinea	59	2.22	5.73	0.2
Guinea-Bissau	58.9	2.2	10.53	0.01
Guyana	66.2	14.05	34.83	0.59
Haiti	63.5	2.37	4.02	0.31
Honduras	74.6	4.89	7.13	0.53
Hungary	75.8	32.91	66.04	7.84
Iceland	82.7	38.91	163.3	5.67
India	68.3	7.27	17.28	8.6
Indonesia	69.1	6.95	11.16	3.11
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	75.5	15.14	19.84	2.8
Iraq	68.9	9.13	22.56	3.88
Ireland	81.4	40.62	149	13.68
Israel	82.5	36.54	56.32	8.43
Italy	82.7	41.26	65.53	12.42
Jamaica	76.2	5.5	9.84	0.16
Japan	83.7	26.14	124.5	20.01
Jordan	74.1	25.13	31.6	9.85
Kazakhstan	72	40.28	71.86	8.02
Kenya	63.4	2.26	11.99	0.19
Kiribati	66.3	1.94	36.22	0.25
Kuwait	74.7	22.93	45.87	4.82
Kyrgyzstan	71.1	21.68	56.84	0.42
Lao People's Democratic Republic	65.7	3.27	11.83	2.27
Latvia	74.6	33.45	44	8.81
Lebanon	74.9	26.17	19.29	14.9
Lesotho	53.7	4.54	31.24	1.81
Liberia	61.4	0.5	19.26	2.19
Libya	72.7	21.57	67.38	6.2
Lithuania	73.6	49.5	96.63	12.21
Luxembourg	82	29.85	120.8	6.98
Madagascar	65.5	1.95	2.92	0.12
Malawi	58.3	0.49	7	0.078
Malaysia	75	22.28	33.94	3.38
Maldives	78.5	21.61	48.97	6.84
Mali	58.2	1.23	4.22	0.091
Malta	81.7	54.85	144	25.48
Mauritania	63.1	1.92	9.54	0.18
Mauritius	74.6	26.58	38.49	5.77
Mexico	76.7	24.41	29.56	0.5
Mongolia	68.8	38.59	42.22	6.83
Morocco	74.3	7.32	13.91	2.6
Mozambique	57.6	0.81	5.68	0.13
Myanmar	66.6	7.51	11.03	0.79
Namibia	65.8	6.01	19.89	2.49
Nepal	69.2	8.67	34.89	1.71
Netherlands	81.9	38.36	113.3	2.17
New Zealand	81.6	35.16	114.3	7.21
Nicaragua	74.8	6.64	15.3	1.84
Niger	61.8	0.34	2.22	0.027
Nigeria	54.5	3.95	15.64	0.81
Norway	81.8	51.68	188.9	9.14
Oman	76.6	19.94	44.26	6.41
Pakistan	66.4	10.84	4.69	1.5
Panama	77.8	16.29	35.39	2.37
Papua New Guinea	62.9	0.63	5.11	0.079
Paraguay	74	32.42	90.3	5.5
Peru	75.5	16.46	26.13	1.52
Philippines	68.5	7.86	47.55	4.7
Poland	77.5	37.14	67.62	9.51
Portugal	81.1	56.15	75.6	9.53
Qatar	78.2	24.99	72.36	8.94
Republic of Korea	82.3	25.08	85.3	7.67
Republic of Moldova	72.1	40.57	61.18	3.95
Romania	75	29.74	73.72	9.05
Russian Federation	75	38.27	62.45	0.4
Rwanda	66.1	1.16	9.33	0.71
Saint Lucia	75.2	6.55	32.22	4.46
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	73.2	9.44	73.41	3.2
Samoa	74	5.54	30.15	0.23
Sao Tome and Principe	67.5	4.89	21.53	1.72
Saudi Arabia	74.5	27.89	56.05	8.58
Senegal	66.7	0.84	3.57	0.13
Serbia	75.6	36.78	71.91	9.58
Seychelles	73.2	21.07	92.24	12.03
Sierra Leone	51	0.7	2.04	0.23
Singapore	83.1	24.34	61.82	5.03
Slovakia	76.7	46.29	78.5	10.51
Slovenia	88	32.79	105.4	7.35
Solomon Islands	69.2	1.91	21.44	1.18
South Africa	62.9	8.09	50.13	2.71
South Sudan	57.3	0.4	3.58	0.35
Spain	82.8	45.77	63.06	13.16
Sri Lanka	74.9	11.92	24.39	1.06
Sudan	64.1	2.63	11.4	0.25
Suriname	71.6	7.95	38.03	0.35
Sweden	82.4	70.62	215.9	16.12
Switzerland	83.4	44.43	187.1	6.73
Syrian Arab Republic	64.5	11.86	14.19	9.82
Tajikistan	69.7	17.08	47.12	1.02
Thailand	74.9	9.28	30.78	6.16
The former Yugoslav republic of Macedonia	75.7	28.34	37.4	4.42
Timor-Leste	68.3	7.67	17.73	2.12
Togo	59.9	0.59	3.97	0.024
Tonga	73.5	10.09	41.79	0.76
Trinidad and Tobago	71.2	34.12	37.35	6.08
Tunisia	75.3	12.61	24.33	2.21
Turkey	75.8	20.36	34.03	4.2
Turkmenistan	66.3	21.47	42.73	1.64
Uganda	62.3	1.58	16.86	0.39
Ukraine	71.3	29.9	66.56	0.34
United Arab Emirates	77.1	28.79	63.57	12.01
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	81.2	31.71	91.67	8.53
United Republic of Tanzania	61.8	0.5	5.5	0.32
United States of America	79.3	35.55	124.7	10.64
Uruguay	77	62	115.5	5.42
Uzbekistan	69.4	23.73	112.7	0.41
Vanuatu	72	1.58	14	1.13
Viet Nam	76	8.33	14.54	3.41
Yemen	65.7	2.94	7.27	0.98
Zambia	61.8	2.97	18.64	0.71
Zimbabwe	67	1.89	20.29	1.02