Use standard marketplace offerings: Supply management organizations can maximize cost reductions and efficiency by embracing standard marketplace offerings to the greatest extent possible. Deviating from industry standards increases costs, and adherence to widely accepted standards facilitates streamlined procurement processes. This approach enhances consistency, reduces complexity, and allows organizations to benefit from economies of scale.

Look at related downstream costs: When standardizing products and services, it's crucial to consider not only the upfront costs but also the related downstream expenses. For instance, analyzing the total cost of ownership $($TCO$)$ or total value of ownership $($TVO$)$ provides a comprehensive understanding of the acquisition, use, and disposition costs, including maintenance, operator compensation, energy, and consumable supplies. By addressing all elements of the total cost of operation upfront, organizations can better control costs throughout the product or service lifecycle. This holistic approach ensures that the benefits of standardization extend beyond the initial procurement phase. can you simplify these two bullet points into $2$ senteces each