use the following code to answer
please add comments exaining code
import random
# Given a dictionary d and value v,
# find and return the key associated with that value.
# (From the slides.)
def reverse_lookup(d, v):
for key in d:
if d[key] == v:
return key
return None
LETTERS = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890!@#$%^&*()`~-=_+[]{}|;\':",./? '
def create_cypher_dictionary():
random.seed(1337) # important - please keep this line here.
cypher = {} # create empty dictionary
# add code here
return cypher # return the completed cypher dictionary
def encrypt(s):
cypher = create_cypher_dictionary() # get the cypher dictionary
# add your code here
def decrypt(s):
cypher = create_cypher_dictionary() # get the cypher dictionary
# add your code here
def encrypt_multiple_times(s, n):
pass # delete this line and add your code here
# Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_common_words_in_English
COMMON_WORDS = [" the ", " be ", " to ", " of ", " and ", " a ", " in ", " that ", " have ", " I ", " it ", " for ", " not ", " on ", " with ", " he ", " as ", " you ", " do ", " at "]
def decrypt_multiple_times(s):
cypher = create_cypher_dictionary() # get the cypher dictionary
# add your code here
s = input("Enter text to encrypt: ")
# add your code here
print("Encrypted string:", encrypt(s))
print("Decrypted string:", decrypt(encrypt(s)))
salted_s = encrypt_multiple_times(s, 2)
print("Encrypted x2 string:", salted_s)
print("Decrypted x2 string:", decrypt_multiple_times(salted_s))
Question 3 [40 points) In cryptography, a simple substitution cypher is a method of encryption in which each letter of a phrase is replaced by a different letter or sequence of letters. The phrase can then be decrypted by performing the inverse of the substitution. In this question, we will implement a simple substitution cypher in which a character (letter, number, or special symbol) is substituted by a two-digit number between 00 and 99 (inclusive). For example, the letter 'a' could be encrypted to become the number '06', or the special symbol '!' could become the number '57'. We will use a dictionary to store the mapping between each character and its corresponding en- crypted form. That is, the keys of the dictionary will be the regular characters (letters, numbers and special symbols), and the values will be the encrypted forms of the characters (the two-digit numbers between 00 and 99). Your code should implement the following five functions for this question. Name: create cypher dictionary Parameters: No parameters Return value: A dictionary where each key is a regular character and each value is a random two-digit number between 00 and 99, inclusive. What it should do: At the top of the code provided to you, the string LETTERS is defined. This string contains all the letters, numbers and special symbols that should be keys in the dictionary. You will have to loop over this string, and generate a two-digit random number between 00 and 99 for each character. The two-digit numbers will be the values in the dictionary; each character (key) will have one two-digit number (value). Note that the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., 9 should not be ould be the numbers 00, 01, 02, ...,09. Further, note that each character should have a unique random number. That is, if the character 'a' maps to the value '57', no other Key will have one two-ugi mervante). Note that the MOOTS U, 1, 2, ..., y should not be values; instead, they should be the numbers 00, 01, 02, ..., 09. Further, note that each character should have a unique random number. That is, if the character 'a' maps to the value '57', no other character should map to the value '57'. (You will need to use some sort of loop to keep generating new random numbers until a unique one is found.) Name: encrypt Parameters: A string s. Return value: The encrypted version of the string s. Each character of the original string s should be replaced by its corresponding two-digit number in the cypher dictionary. Name: decrypt Parameters: A string s. Return value: The decrypted version of the string s. Each two-digit number of the encrypted string s should be replaced by its correponding character in the cypher dictionary. Note that here, we have the encrypted form (value in the dictionary), and are looking to find the regular character (key in the dictionary). To do this, we will need to use the reverse lookup function as seen in class. This function has been provided You in the included ancruntia nu file The_Gradient_an....... Fundamental_In....pdf A M ATH 262 assi....pdf in the dictionary). To do this, we will need to use the reverse lookup function as seen in class. This function has been provided to you in the included encryption.py file. We will write two further functions to increase the strength of our encryption. One function will repeatedly encrypt the string multiple times. The other function will attempt to decrypt the string, without knowing the number of times it was encrypted (thus defeating the point of the stronger encryption) Name: encrypt multiple times Parameters: A string s and integer value n for the number of times to encrypt the string. Return value: The string s encrypted n times. I.e., the string will be encrypted a first time, with each character turned into its two-dig representation. Then, the encrypted string will be re- encrypted, with each digit turned into its two-digit representation. (The length of the string will thus double after every encryption.) (Hint: You will have to call your encrypt function multiple times.) Name: decrypt multiple times Parameters: A string s. Return value: The decrypted version of the string s. As we do not know how many times to decrypt the string, we will keep calling decrypt on the string until the string contains a common word in the English language. A list of common words, COMMON WORDS, has been provided for you in the encryption.py file. If, after decrypting once, the string contains any word in this list, then you should immediately return the decrypted string. Otherwise, continue calling decrypt on the string until it does contain one of the common words. (We will assume that the fully decrypted string will always contain at least one common word.) DAAMPLE 1: >>> %Run encryption.py Enter text to encrypt: abcdef Invalid input. EXAMPLE 2: >>> %Run encryption.py Enter text to encrypt: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. Encrypted string: 0766546138001892056159999714256163973761640073940161973354996 169665461919809956156975155 Decrypted string: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. Encrypted x2 string: 3417626247536227487834342778713634476227477171717117275336 476227624871174817622762533434174871533427622771174848475371716227627162624 7536227712771783471714762274762711747274747 Decrypted x2 string: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. EXAMPLE 3: >>> %Run encryption.py Enter text to encrypt: - No, not again. I... why does it say paper jam when there is no paper jam? Encrypted string: 129746612597696198519818255561705555556114669561569754016118696101989561949 89454996164987361146654256169665499546118016125976194989454996164987390 Decrypted string: No, not again. I... why does it say paper jam when there is - no paper jam? Encrypted x2 string: 273671175362622736477117627162277178472771782778364747476227173447474747474 - 762272753626271476227476271174753342762272778627162273427717871476227715371 - 787153475371716227625371781748622727536262475336476227627162624753717147536 Question 3 [40 points) In cryptography, a simple substitution cypher is a method of encryption in which each letter of a phrase is replaced by a different letter or sequence of letters. The phrase can then be decrypted by performing the inverse of the substitution. In this question, we will implement a simple substitution cypher in which a character (letter, number, or special symbol) is substituted by a two-digit number between 00 and 99 (inclusive). For example, the letter 'a' could be encrypted to become the number '06', or the special symbol '!' could become the number '57'. We will use a dictionary to store the mapping between each character and its corresponding en- crypted form. That is, the keys of the dictionary will be the regular characters (letters, numbers and special symbols), and the values will be the encrypted forms of the characters (the two-digit numbers between 00 and 99). Your code should implement the following five functions for this question. Name: create cypher dictionary Parameters: No parameters Return value: A dictionary where each key is a regular character and each value is a random two-digit number between 00 and 99, inclusive. What it should do: At the top of the code provided to you, the string LETTERS is defined. This string contains all the letters, numbers and special symbols that should be keys in the dictionary. You will have to loop over this string, and generate a two-digit random number between 00 and 99 for each character. The two-digit numbers will be the values in the dictionary; each character (key) will have one two-digit number (value). Note that the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., 9 should not be ould be the numbers 00, 01, 02, ...,09. Further, note that each character should have a unique random number. That is, if the character 'a' maps to the value '57', no other Key will have one two-ugi mervante). Note that the MOOTS U, 1, 2, ..., y should not be values; instead, they should be the numbers 00, 01, 02, ..., 09. Further, note that each character should have a unique random number. That is, if the character 'a' maps to the value '57', no other character should map to the value '57'. (You will need to use some sort of loop to keep generating new random numbers until a unique one is found.) Name: encrypt Parameters: A string s. Return value: The encrypted version of the string s. Each character of the original string s should be replaced by its corresponding two-digit number in the cypher dictionary. Name: decrypt Parameters: A string s. Return value: The decrypted version of the string s. Each two-digit number of the encrypted string s should be replaced by its correponding character in the cypher dictionary. Note that here, we have the encrypted form (value in the dictionary), and are looking to find the regular character (key in the dictionary). To do this, we will need to use the reverse lookup function as seen in class. This function has been provided You in the included ancruntia nu file The_Gradient_an....... Fundamental_In....pdf A M ATH 262 assi....pdf in the dictionary). To do this, we will need to use the reverse lookup function as seen in class. This function has been provided to you in the included encryption.py file. We will write two further functions to increase the strength of our encryption. One function will repeatedly encrypt the string multiple times. The other function will attempt to decrypt the string, without knowing the number of times it was encrypted (thus defeating the point of the stronger encryption) Name: encrypt multiple times Parameters: A string s and integer value n for the number of times to encrypt the string. Return value: The string s encrypted n times. I.e., the string will be encrypted a first time, with each character turned into its two-dig representation. Then, the encrypted string will be re- encrypted, with each digit turned into its two-digit representation. (The length of the string will thus double after every encryption.) (Hint: You will have to call your encrypt function multiple times.) Name: decrypt multiple times Parameters: A string s. Return value: The decrypted version of the string s. As we do not know how many times to decrypt the string, we will keep calling decrypt on the string until the string contains a common word in the English language. A list of common words, COMMON WORDS, has been provided for you in the encryption.py file. If, after decrypting once, the string contains any word in this list, then you should immediately return the decrypted string. Otherwise, continue calling decrypt on the string until it does contain one of the common words. (We will assume that the fully decrypted string will always contain at least one common word.) DAAMPLE 1: >>> %Run encryption.py Enter text to encrypt: abcdef Invalid input. EXAMPLE 2: >>> %Run encryption.py Enter text to encrypt: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. Encrypted string: 0766546138001892056159999714256163973761640073940161973354996 169665461919809956156975155 Decrypted string: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. Encrypted x2 string: 3417626247536227487834342778713634476227477171717117275336 476227624871174817622762533434174871533427622771174848475371716227627162624 7536227712771783471714762274762711747274747 Decrypted x2 string: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. EXAMPLE 3: >>> %Run encryption.py Enter text to encrypt: - No, not again. I... why does it say paper jam when there is no paper jam? Encrypted string: 129746612597696198519818255561705555556114669561569754016118696101989561949 89454996164987361146654256169665499546118016125976194989454996164987390 Decrypted string: No, not again. I... why does it say paper jam when there is - no paper jam? Encrypted x2 string: 273671175362622736477117627162277178472771782778364747476227173447474747474 - 762272753626271476227476271174753342762272778627162273427717871476227715371 - 787153475371716227625371781748622727536262475336476227627162624753717147536
