Use the Income Statement and Balance Sheet information to complete the project.

1. Prepare the vertical analysis. Analyze the results. Compare the years and look for increases and decreases

2. Prepare the horizontal analysis. Analyze the results. Compare the years and look for increases and decreases
 

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31 (Dollars in millions except per share data) Sales and revenues: Net Sales Operating costs: Cost of goods sold Selling, general and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Other operating (income) expenses Total operating costs Operating profit Interest expense excluding Financial Products Other income (expense) Consolidated profit before taxes Provision (benefit) for income taxes Caterpillar Inc. 2015 47,011 33,742 5,199 2,165 2,649 43,755 3,256 507 106 2,855 742 2014 55,184 39,767 5,697 2,135 2,257 49,856 5,328 484 239 5,083 1,380 2013 55,656 40,727 5,547 2,046 1708 50,028 5,628 465 -35 5,128 1,319