Use the phylogenetic trees at the end of this pdf to answer the following questions. Clicking on the lineages

on the phylogenetic trees will take you to the Wikipedia entry for that group.

1. Which node in the 3-domain supertree (the first tree) represents the common ancestor of eukaryotes and

Archaea? Which node in the 3-domain tree represents the common ancestor of all Eukaryotes? What are

some characteristics that would have been present in the common ancestor of all eukaryotes? Think about

characteristics that are shared between your cells and the cells of all these other groups (2 pts).

2. List all of the acquisitions of photosynthetic found in eukaryotes below (give either the numbered node

where it evolved or the name of the lineage in which it occurred) (2 pts).

3. Unikonta don't have any true chloroplasts or photosynthetic lineages, but describe the similarities and

differences between Lichens and chloroplast-containing eukaryote lineages. (1 pt)

4. Identify the node in the Archaeplastida phylogeny where the diploid sporophyte generation became the

dominant stage in the life cycle (1 pt).

5. Identify the node in the Archaeplastida phylogeny where land plants evolved. (1 pt)

6. Which node represents the most recent common ancestor of Seed Plants? (1 pt)

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7. Which node represents the most recent common ancestor of Gymnosperms. Conifers are, by far, the

most species-rich lineage of modern Gymnosperms; do you think the most recent common ancestor of seed

plants would have had needles like a pine tree or broad leaves more like most angiosperms? (2 pts)

8. Which node is the most recent common ancestor of Angiosperms (flowering plants)? These are now the

most species-rich lineage of embryophytes by far with approximately 350,000 species. Most of these species

(including all monocots) are herbaceous, meaning they don't form a woody trunk with internal vascular rings

or bark Amborella trichopoda is a shrub from New Caledonia that represents the basal branch of

Angiosperms (i.e. all other flowering plants are more closely related to each other than they are to

Amborella). Do you think the ancestor of angiosperms was woody or herbaceous? What about the ancestor

of all seed plants? (hint: Amborella, Ginkgo, all conifers, Gnetophytes, and Cycads have woody "trunks")? (2

pts)

9. Sponges have specialized individual cells but lack true tissue (masses of coordinated cells, like muscle,

nerve, etc.). At what node in the animal phylogeny did true tissues evolve? (1 pt)

10. At what node in the animal phylogeny did bilateral symmetry evolve (hint: sponges and cnidarians aren't

bilaterally symmetric, but every other organism on the animal tree technically is)? Bilaterally symmetric

animals have a left and right side, as well as a dorsal and ventral side. Based on the organisms on this tree,

what do you think this bilateral common ancestor may have looked like? (2 pts)

11. You have two forelimbs (arms) and two hindlimbs (legs). At which node in the phylogeny did these paired

appendages evolve? Are there any instances of convergent evolution of paired appendages? Are there any

instances of losses of paired appendages? Give the examples, if they exist (2 pts).

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12. Identify the node in the phylogeny where your ancestor first colonized land (hint: this is also the common

ancestor of organisms with fingers and toes). Give an example of a descendant from that ancestor that has

gone back to living a fully aquatic lifestyle. List any other examples of animal lineages that appear to have

colonized land independently of your ancestor (2 pts).

13. Are fish (i.e. jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, ray-finned fish, and lungfish) monophyletic? i.e. Do they trace back to a single common ancestor, and are all descendants of that most recent ancestor considered fish? (1 pt).

14. Chambered Nautilus is the first-branching lineage of Cephalopods. Do you think Octopuses/Octopi

evolved from a shelled ancestor? Explain why or why not (1 pt).

15. List all of your ancestors (list of node numbers) from both the animal tree and the 3-domain tree. (2 pts).

16. Go outside and take photographs of 4 different organisms, each representing a different terminal group

on the tree. Identify where they belong on the tree and submit photographs. A maximum of 2 animals or 2

plants are allowed, and at least one of your selections must be something other than an animal or plant. (2 pts)

Use ILAC format to answer the questions. Question 1: what Is Member remedles (10 marks): (chapter 17 of Understanding Company Law) Question 2: what Is Director's dutles (20 marks): (chapter 13 of Understanding Company Law) Key duties 5180, S181, 5182, 5183, 5184 and $588G of the Corporations Act You will be asked to advise ASIC have there been breaches of the Corporations Act in the above circumstances. You must look at that for each of the five directors (2 executive directors and three non- executive directors). The company is in financial difficulty that is related in terms how the directors should be responding to that. whether the major response to represent the breach or not. Nominate Type of breach. Discuss the provision that has been breached. Question 3: Corporate Contracting (10 marks): Can the bank enforce the mortgage contract against the company? Section 129 of the Corporations Act in instances where a Director has misrepresented a co-signatory.Alldentify and explain the key financial, legal and regulatory influences which impact on financial statements produced and published by Hong Kong Public Limited Companies and Partnerships and Explain how the key legal and regulatory influences are relevant to the different users of financial statements.(PLZ GIVE THE REFERENCE, IF YOU TAKE THE INFORMATION FROM INTERNET IN RESPECT OF HONG KONG) B) Considering the annual accounts of sole traders, partnerships and public limited companies (plcs), identify for each of these any compulsory presentational format or publication requirement and discuss the main aspects of the regulatory framework which must be observed when reporting these accounts. PLZ WRITE IN DETAILQuestion 6 1 pts Benny operates a gardening service to customers. The services provided include mowing, fertilising, weeding, pruning, garden design and a spring tidy up. The diagram below is used to describe part of the database model used by Just Benny. Refer to the diagram and indicate which of the following statements is TRUE A ' 0 Each service item is for only one customer only 0 An invoice detail is for many customers 0 An invoice can have many invoice details 0 Many customers are included in the one invoice detail (a) An abuse cure is a legal right accessible to mistreated investors. It enables the investors to get an activity against the organization which they own offers when the direct of the organization has an impact that is harsh, unreasonably biased, or unjustifiably dismisses the interests of an investor. It was acquainted accordingly with, which had held that where an organization's activities were approved by a dominant part of the investors, the courts won't by and large meddle. Organization law truly depends on the guideline of greater part rule. Board and investor choices of organizations are generally controlled by a straightforward greater part vote. While this idea of lion's share rule is essential to organization law, it contains an innate danger of misuse. This danger was exacerbated by the standard in Foss v Harbottle. As per Brockett this standard gave 'that wrongs to the organization should be changed simply by activity taken by the organization in its own name, rather than the activity of individual individuals or gatherings of individuals, and that 'courts ought not meddle with the inside administration of organizations acting inside their forces.' However, unbending adherence to the standard regularly denied minority investors response against chiefs and dominant part investors. Therefore, the courts built up various 'special cases. In any case, various pundits have contended that the 'exemptions' for the standard in Foss v Harbottle are actually not special cases by any means, but rather circumstances where the standard basically can't apply. In expansion, various commonsense and legitimate challenges concerning the activity of the special cases have implied that moderately hardly any subsidiary activities have continued.' The principle troubles fixated on the impact of confirmation of the purportedly severe lead by the regular gathering of investors. On the off chance that compelling, the implied approval could deny the organization all in all, and henceforth minority investors, any privilege of activity against the chiefs. There were likewise issues brought about by the exacting models that should be set up under the steady gaze of a court may give relief. (b) Any agreement or other exchange implying to be gone into by an organization preceding its arrangement or by any individual for the organization before its development, might be sanctioned by the com-pany after its arrangement; and immediately the organization will get limited by and qualified for the advantage.A- AT Aa x2 A . A Question# 3 (10 marks) Answer the following: a. MPC = .7. What is the government spending multiplier? b. MPC = .85. What is the tax multiplier? c. If the government spending multiplier is 5, what is the tax multiplier? d. If the tax multiplier is -3, what is the government spending multiplier? e. If government purchases and taxes are increased by $150 billion simultaneously, what will the effect be on equilibrium output (income)? English (UK) E Focus