Use the pro forma financial statements to answer the questions below. Change the assumptions in the assumptions box as needed to answer the questions. In addition to the assumptions listed on the spreadsheet, also assume that all asset accounts will grow at the same rate as sales and that no new equity will be issued in 2018.

1. Enter a formula for external funding required in the first green box. How much external financing does Ottawa need in 2018?

2. Given your answer from (a), do you expect the sustainable growth rate to be greater than, less than, or equal to the sales growth rate for 2018? Enter a formula for the sustainable growth rate in the second green box. What is Ottawas sustainable growth rate?

3. At what rate does the actual sales growth rate equal the sustainable growth rate? How much external financing is required at this growth rate? (This can be determined by trial and error.)

4. Return the sales growth rate to 15%. Suppose Ottawa wants to solve the financing shortfall by increasing profit margin. How low would the ratio of cost of goods sold/sales have to go in order to make up the shortfall? With the cost of goods sold/sales at this lower level, what is the sustainable growth rate? (Hint: The Goal Seek tool can help you find this quickly. Consult Excel Help if you are unfamiliar with the Goal Seek tool.)

5. Return cost of goods sold/sales to 75%. Now suppose Ottawa wants to solve the shortfall by increasing the retention ratio. How low would the dividend payout ratio have to be in order to eliminate the financing shortfall?

OTTAWA CORP.
INCOME STATEMENT ($ millions)					BALANCE SHEET ($ millions)
	Actual	Projected						Actual		Projected
	2017	2018						2017		2018
Sales	$3,500	$4,025				Cash		$150		$173
Cost of goods sold	2,775	3,019				Accounts receivable		540		621
Operating expense	360	403				Inventory		1,050		1,208
EBIT	365	604				Total current assets		1,740		2,001
Interest expense	68	80				Property, plant, & equipment		1,578		1,815
EBT	297	524				Total assets		3,318		3,816
Tax	102	183
Net income	$195	$341				Total debt		1,106		1,208
						Shareholders' equity		2,212		2,416
Assumptions for 2018					Total liabilities & equity				$3318 $3,625
Sales growth rate		15.0%
Cost of goods sold/sales		75.0%				External funding required
Operating expense/sales		10.0%				Sustainable growth rate
Dividend payout ratio		40.0%
Tax rate		35.0%
Interest rate on debt		7.2%
Total debt/equity		50.0%