1. Using a diagram, with income per capita on the vertical axis and land per capita on the horizontal axis, clearly explain how Malthusian dynamics would manifest in each of the following scenarios. Assume that we are dealing with a pre-industrial world. (10% each)
   1. A country improves its public hygiene.
   2. A nation improves its agriculture through irrigation technologies.
   3. The Black Death destroys 60 percent of a country's population.