Using High-Low to Calculate Fixed Cost, Calculate the Variable Rate, and Construct a Cost Function Pizza Vesuvio makes specialty pizzas. Vesuvio's controller wants to calculate the fixed and variable costs associated with labor used in the restaurant. Data for the past eight months were collected: Month Labor Cost($) Employee Hours January 6,900 350 February 8,040 540 March 9,799 640 April 9,687 600 May 8,390 470 June 7,350 340 July 9,390 560 August 7,431 300 In your calculations, round the variable rate per employee to the nearest cent. If required, round your final answers to the nearest cent. 1. Using the high-low method, calculate the fixed cost of labor. $ 2. Using the high-low method, calculate the variable rate. $ per employee hour 3. Using the high-low method, construct the cost formula for total labor cost. Total labor cost = $ + ($ Employee hours) Variable Cost, Fixed Cost, Contribution Margin Income Statement Head-First Company plans to sell 5,210 bicycle helmets at $75 each in the coming year. Product costs include: Direct materials per helmet $30 Direct labor per helmet 8 Variable factory overhead per helmet 4 Total fixed factory overhead 20,000 Variable selling expense is a commission of $3 per helmet; fixed selling and administrative expense totals $29,500. 1. Calculate the total variable cost per unit. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. $ 2. Calculate the total fixed expense for the year. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. $ Hide 3. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for Head-First Company for the coming year. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. Head-First Company Contribution Margin Income Statement For the Coming Year Total Per unit $ $ $ $ $ Variable Cost Ratio, Contribution Margin Ratio Head-First Company plans to sell 5,000 bicycle helmets at $75 each in the coming year. Unit variable cost is $45 (includes direct materials, direct labor, variable factory overhead, and variable selling expense). Fixed factory overhead is $20,000 and fixed selling and administrative expense is $29,500. 1. Calculate the variable cost ratio. Round your answer to the nearest whole. % 2. Calculate the contribution margin ratio. Round your answer to the nearest whole. % Hide 3. Prepare a contribution margin income statement based on the budgeted figures for next year. In a column next to the income statement, show the percentages based on sales for sales, total variable cost, and total contribution margin. Enter percentages as whole numbers. Head-First Company Contribution Margin Income Statement For the Coming Year Percent Of Sales $ % % $ % $ Units to Earn Target Income Head-First Company plans to sell 5,000 bicycle helmets at $75 each in the coming year. Unit variable cost is $45 (includes direct materials, direct labor, variable factory overhead, and variable selling expense). Total fixed cost equals $49,500 (includes fixed factory overhead and fixed selling and administrative expense). 1. Calculate the number of helmets Head-First must sell to earn operating income of $81,900. helmets Hide 2. Check your answer by preparing a contribution margin income statement based on the number of units calculated. Head-First Company Contribution Margin Income Statement Based on number of units calculated in part 1 Total $ $ $ Break-Even Point in Units for a Multiple-Product Firm Suppose that Head-First Company now sells both bicycle helmets and motorcycle helmets. The bicycle helmets are priced at $74 and have variable costs of $53 each. The motorcycle helmets are priced at $226 and have variable costs of $149 each. Total fixed cost for Head-First as a whole equals $58,900 (includes all fixed factory overhead and fixed selling and administrative expense). Next year, Head-First expects to sell 5,000 bicycle helmets and 2,000 motorcycle helmets. Hide 1. Form a package of bicycle and motorcycle helmets based on the sales mix expected for the coming year. Any package with 5 bicycle helmets for every 2 motorcycle helmet is fine. For example, 5:2, or 10:4, or 30:12. Throughout the rest of this exercise, we will use 5:2. Product Price Unit Variable Cost Unit Contribution Margin Sales Mix Package Unit Contribution Margin Bicycle helmets $ $ $ $ Motorcycle helmets Package total $ 2. Calculate the break-even point in units for bicycle helmets and for motorcycle helmets. Round interim calculations to nearest whole number. Break-even bicycle helmets helmets Break-even motorcycle helmets helmets Hide 3. Check your answer by preparing a contribution margin income statement. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. If an amount is zero, enter "0". Head-First Company Contribution Margin Income Statement At Break-Even Point Total $ $ $ Contribution Margin Ratio, Variable Cost Ratio, Break-Even Sales Revenue The controller of Sandoval Company prepared the following projected income statement: Sales $90,000 Total Variable costs 74,000 Contribution margin $16,000 Total Fixed cost 6,600 Operating income $9,400 1. Calculate the contribution margin ratio. Round your answer to the nearest whole. % 2. Calculate the variable cost ratio. Round your answer to the nearest whole. % 3. Calculate the break-even sales revenue for Sandoval. If required, round your answer to nearest dollar. $ 4. Conceptual Connection: How could Andreston increase projected operating income without increasing the total sales revenue? Predetermined Overhead Rate, Overhead Application At the beginning of the year, Ilberg Company estimated the following costs: Ilberg uses normal costing and applies overhead on the basis of direct labor cost. (Direct labor cost is equal to total direct labor hours worked multiplied by the wage rate.) For the month of December, direct labor cost was $43,700. 1. Calculate the predetermined overhead rate for the year. Enter the percentage as a whole number. % of direct labor cost 2. Calculate the overhead applied to production in December. $ Overhead Variance (Over- or Underapplied), Closing to Cost of Goods Sold At the end of the year, Ilberg Company provided the following actual information: Ilberg uses normal costing and applies overhead at the rate of 80 percent of direct labor cost. At the end of the year, Cost of Goods Sold (before adjusting for any overhead variance) was $1,890,000. 1. Calculate the overhead variance for the year. $ 2. Dispose of the overhead variance by adjusting Cost of Goods Sold. Adjusted COGS $ Calculating the Predetermined Overhead Rate, Applying Overhead to Production, Reconciling Overhead at the end of the Year, Adjusting Cost of Goods Sold for Under- and Overapplied Overhead At the beginning of the year, Gaudi Company estimated the following: Overhead $ 280,000 Direct labor hours 70,000 Gaudi uses normal costing and applies overhead on the basis of direct labor hours. For the month of January, direct labor hours were 8,550. By the end of the year, Gaudi showed the following actual amounts: Overhead $ 286,000 Direct labor hours 69,600 Assume that unadjusted Cost of Goods Sold for Gaudi was $416,000. 1. Calculate the predetermined overhead rate for Gaudi. Round your answer to two decimal places, if rounding is required. $ per direct labor hour 2. Calculate the overhead applied to production in January. $ 3. Calculate the total applied overhead for the year. $ Was overhead over- or underapplied? By how much? overhead $ 4. Calculate adjusted Cost of Goods Sold after adjusting for the overhead variance. $ Direct Method of Support Department Cost Allocation Jekyll Company is divided into two operating divisions: Battery and Small Motors. The company allocates power and human resources costs to each operating division using the direct method. Power costs are allocated on the basis of the number of machine hours and human resources costs on the basis of the number of employees. Support department cost allocations using the direct method are based on the following data: 1. Calculate the allocation ratios for Power and Human Resources. Carry your answers out to three decimal places. Power Human Resources Battery Small Motors 2. Allocate the support service costs to the operating divisions. Round all amounts to the nearest dollar. Use a minus sign to indicate a subtraction. For those boxes in which no entry is required, leave the box blank or enter zero ("0"). Support Departments Operating Divisions Power Human Resources Battery Small Motors Direct costs Allocate: Power Human Resources Total $ $ $ $ 3. Assume divisional overhead rates are based on direct labor hours. Calculate the overhead rate for the Battery Division and for the Small Motors Division. Round your answers to the nearest cent. Battery overhead rate $ Small Motors overhead rate $ Cornerstone Exercise 6-22 Equivalent Units, No Beginning Work in Process Hromas Manufacturing produces cylinders used in internal combustion engines. During June, Hromas' welding department had the following data: Calculate June's output for the welding department in equivalent units of production. units Unit Cost, Valuing Goods Transferred Out and EWIP During May, the molding department of Lawler Foundry completed and transferred out 42,000 units. At the end of May, there were 15,000 units in process, 60 percent complete. Paterson incurred manufacturing costs totaling $612,000. 1. Calculate the unit cost. If required, round your answer to two decimal places. $ 2. Calculate the cost of goods transferred out and the cost of EWIP. Cost of goods tranferred out $ Cost of ending work in process $