Using the appropriate chi-square tests with a 95% significance level, determine:
a) for target setting, (i) whether results are uniform across all the countries, and (ii) whether results for Canada are different from the global average;
b) for emission reduction initiatives, (i) whether results are uniform across all the countries, and (ii) whether results for Canada are different from the global average;
c) select a single country and describe how it explains your result for target setting
ase tudies Carbon Disclosure Project: Canada and International The Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) acts on behalf of over 700 institu- tional investors (pension funds, mutual funds, etc.) with almost $100 trillion of investments to collect and distribute information on corporate greenhouse gas (car- bon) emissions. These investors are interested in taking carbon emissions into account in selecting companies in which to invest, and the CDP maintains a database of that information, based on responses to a questionnaire that it sends each year to the larg- est companies in the world. The annual CDP reports, produced by Pricewaterhouse Coopers, are used not only by investors but also by governments and corporate supply chain managers in choosing suppliers. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon stated, "The Carbon Disclosure Project is harnessing the power of information and investor activism to encourage a more effective corpo- rate response to climate change."* The CDP Supply Chain Report 2014-155 Plutonis Jd/SA, asks suppliers in major countries to (i) report their greenhouse gas emissions; (ii) report Shutterstock any emissions reduction targets they have set themselves; and (iii) report any emissions reduction initiatives they are implementing. The percentage of com- panies complying with these requests is given in the table below, together with the total number of companies surveyed in a random selection of countries as well as the global average over all countries included. The data are also available in the file ch16_MCSP_CDP. United Canada Brazil China Germany States Global France Average Reporting emissions 60% 53% 49% 77% 61% 54% 60% Target setting 32% 26% 59% 64% 54% 37% 48% Emission reduction initiatives 50% 30% 49% 78% 61% 45% 52% Number of companies 72 118 167 112 147 1379 2756 Using the appropriate chi-square tests with a 95% significance level, determine: (a) for target setting, (i) whether results are uniform across all the countries, and (ii) whether results for Canada are different from the global average; and (b) for emission reduction initiatives, (i) whether results are uniform across all the countries, and (ii) whether results for Canada are different from the global average. (c) Select a single country and describe how it explains your result for (a). (Hint: It's important to orga- nize the data into the appropriate formats for the chi-square tests.)
