Using the attached file answer the following questions:

See vlifx_80_13_S15_BB (1).csv

1.) Summarize the Value Line Fund?s historical performance by reporting its arithmetic and geometric average returns earned by the fund from January 1980 to December 2013. Additionally, determine the standard deviation of the fund?s returns over this time period as well. Report your values in a table denoted as Table 1.

Based on Table 1, how would you characterize the performance of the Value Line Fund relative to the S&P 500 over the same time period?

2.)

Prepare a graph that shows how much one thousand dollars invested in VLIFX and the S&P 500 would be worthy by the end of 2013. Label this graph as Figure 1. Next, find the expense ratio for VLIFX and compare it to the passively managed SPDR S&P 500 exchange traded fund (Ticker: SPY).Recalculate your values for Figure 1 accounting for the fees that each fund charges and present them in a new graph entitled Figure 2. Discuss if your results change once expenses are accounted considered.Show both Figures.

3.)Calculate the Sharpe ratio of the Value Line Fund. Compare this to the Sharpe ratio of the S&P 500. Based on this comparison, has the Value Line Fund over- or underperformed relative to the S&P 500?

Sheet1 date fund_ret mkt_prem smb hml umd risk_free sp_ret 01/31/80 0.09976 0.0576 0.0167 0.0183 0.0747 0.008 0.05763 02/29/80 0.00508 -0.0079 -0.0184 0.0057 0.0789 0.0089 -0.00438 03/31/80 -0.17386 -0.1323 -0.0661 -0.0105 -0.0958 0.0121 -0.1018 04/30/80 0.04745 0.0397 0.0101 0.0109 -0.0043 0.0126 0.04114 05/30/80 0.05621 0.052 0.0206 0.0037 -0.0113 0.0081 0.04657 06/30/80 0.04287 0.0316 0.017 -0.0085 0.0157 0.0061 0.02697 07/31/80 0.12787 0.0641 0.0427 -0.0622 0.0039 0.0053 0.06504 08/29/80 0.04616 0.0172 0.0397 -0.0276 0.0326 0.0064 0.00584 09/30/80 0.0533 0.022 0.0093 -0.0468 0.0544 0.0075 0.02517 10/31/80 -0.00495 0.0106 0.0252 -0.028 0.0731 0.0095 0.01602 11/28/80 0.0995 0.0954 -0.0336 -0.0847 0.1521 0.0096 0.10238 12/31/80 -0.01123 -0.0475 -0.0034 0.0265 -0.0663 0.0131 -0.03387 01/30/81 -0.05744 -0.0505 0.0298 0.0685 -0.0793 0.0104 -0.04574 02/27/81 0.02011 0.0048 -0.0032 0.0107 -0.0139 0.0107 0.01328 03/31/81 0.08118 0.0341 0.0354 0.0063 0.0076 0.0121 0.03603 04/30/81 0.02032 -0.0221 0.0443 0.023 -0.0092 0.0108 -0.02346 05/29/81 0.05103 0.0021 0.0202 -0.0042 0.0375 0.0115 -0.00166 06/30/81 -0.03453 -0.0237 -0.0087 0.0512 -0.059 0.0135 -0.01041 07/31/81 -0.02961 -0.0155 -0.0224 -0.0049 -0.0247 0.0124 -0.00221 08/31/81 -0.06548 -0.0691 -0.0194 0.0475 -0.011 0.0128 -0.0621 09/30/81 -0.01366 -0.0762 -0.0263 0.0522 0.0203 0.0124 -0.05383 10/30/81 0.08571 0.0481 0.0225 -0.0427 0.0408 0.0121 0.04915 11/30/81 0.02375 0.0351 -0.0098 0.018 -0.0028 0.0107 0.03659 12/31/81 -0.04307 -0.0368 0.0119 0.008 0.0133 0.0087 -0.03008 01/29/82 -0.01593 -0.0342 -0.0118 0.0311 0.017 0.008 -0.01754 02/26/82 -0.00405 -0.0603 0.005 0.0599 0.0489 0.0092 -0.06055 03/31/82 0.01569 -0.0199 -0.0019 0.039 0.0293 0.0098 -0.01017 04/30/82 0.03547 0.032 0.0154 -0.0273 -0.0043 0.0113 0.04001 05/28/82 -0.01587 -0.0388 0.0054 0.0181 0.0252 0.0106 -0.03916 06/30/82 -0.00681 -0.0335 -0.0038 0.0153 0.0501 0.0096 -0.02029 07/30/82 0.02522 -0.031 0.0093 0.0021 0.0442 0.0105 -0.02299 08/31/82 0.08227 0.1114 -0.0418 0.0113 -0.0351 0.0076 0.11598 09/30/82 0.03383 0.0117 0.0295 0.0041 0.0421 0.0051 0.00761 10/29/82 0.07313 0.1127 0.0229 -0.0376 0.0001 0.0059 0.11036 11/30/82 0.02152 0.0456 0.0477 -0.0187 0.0592 0.0063 0.03612 12/31/82 0.01739 0.0078 -0.0018 0.0006 0.0005 0.0067 0.01516 01/31/83 -0.02801 0.035 0.0269 -0.0088 -0.0172 0.0069 0.03313 02/28/83 0.0353 0.024 0.0328 0.0074 0.038 0.0062 0.019 03/31/83 0.0328 0.0284 0.0178 0.0208 0.0092 0.0063 0.0331 04/29/83 0.06048 0.0671 0.0053 0.006 0.0179 0.0071 0.07492 05/31/83 0.00204 0.0063 0.0614 -0.0145 -0.0158 0.0069 -0.01235 06/30/83 0.03544 0.0311 0.0095 -0.0388 0.0178 0.0067 0.03522 07/29/83 -0.05836 -0.039 0.0153 0.0562 -0.0313 0.0074 -0.03301 08/31/83 -0.03662 -0.0041 -0.0432 0.0547 -0.0544 0.0076 0.01132 09/30/83 -0.00093 0.0085 0.0059 0.0105 -0.0009 0.0076 0.01016 10/31/83 -0.07296 -0.0356 -0.036 0.0498 -0.0454 0.0076 -0.01517 11/30/83 0.05644 0.0226 0.0199 -0.0068 -0.0017 0.007 0.01743 12/30/83 -0.02786 -0.0178 -0.003 0.017 0.0081 0.0073 -0.00883 01/31/84 -0.0676 -0.0206 -0.0042 0.0757 -0.0247 0.0076 -0.00922 02/29/84 -0.07 -0.0462 -0.0168 0.0334 0.002 0.0071 -0.03886 03/30/84 0.00172 0.0061 0.0012 0.0047 0.0104 0.0073 0.0135 04/30/84 -0.02246 -0.0056 -0.0116 0.0127 0.0211 0.0081 0.00547 05/31/84 -0.05239 -0.0601 0.0006 0.0023 0.0165 0.0078 -0.05936 06/29/84 0.01737 0.0159 -0.0024 -0.0255 -0.0068 0.0075 0.01747 07/31/84 -0.05364 -0.0288 -0.0231 0.0028 0.0287 0.0082 -0.01645 08/31/84 0.09514 0.1044 -0.0022 -0.0179 -0.0564 0.0083 0.10633 09/28/84 -0.01849 -0.0082 0.0026 0.0535 0.0369 0.0086 -0.00348 10/31/84 0.01703 -0.0101 -0.012 0.005 0.0321 0.01 -0.00006 11/30/84 -0.04465 -0.018 -0.0065 0.0401 0.0167 0.0073 -0.01511 12/31/84 0.05335 0.0173 -0.0056 -0.0013 0.0151 0.0064 0.02237 01/31/85 0.11142 0.0792 0.0325 -0.0537 -0.0693 0.0065 0.07409 02/28/85 0.03008 0.0111 0.0079 -0.0018 0.0182 0.0058 0.00869 03/29/85 -0.01461 -0.0079 -0.0109 0.0402 0.017 0.0062 -0.00293 04/30/85 -0.00248 -0.0094 0.0016 0.037 0.0303 0.0072 -0.00459 05/31/85 0.06048 0.0492 -0.0229 -0.009 0.0398 0.0066 0.05405 06/28/85 0.03522 0.0116 0.0049 0.0042 0.0362 0.0055 0.01213 07/31/85 -0.01591 -0.0065 0.0284 -0.0164 -0.0393 0.0062 -0.00485 08/30/85 -0.02079 -0.0103 -0.0038 0.0217 0.0177 0.0055 -0.012 09/30/85 -0.06076 -0.0458 -0.0162 0.0122 0.0148 0.006 -0.03472 10/31/85 0.05966 0.0379 -0.0159 0.0071 0.0487 0.0065 0.04251 11/29/85 0.08089 0.0631 0.0022 -0.0287 -0.0046 0.0061 0.06506 12/31/85 0.05075 0.0366 -0.0042 -0.0151 -0.0009 0.0065 0.04506 01/31/86 0.02803 0.0042 0.0118 0.0053 0.0296 0.0056 0.00237 02/28/86 0.09203 0.0672 -0.0056 -0.0073 0.027 0.0053 0.07149 03/31/86 0.06387 0.0479 -0.0047 -0.0044 0.0246 0.006 0.05279 04/30/86 -0.01942 -0.0131 0.0283 -0.029 -0.005 0.0052 -0.01415 05/30/86 0.06303 0.0459 -0.0125 -0.0012 0.0203 0.0049 0.05023 06/30/86 0.03855 0.009 -0.0087 0.0139 0.0514 0.0052 0.01411 07/31/86 -0.08347 -0.0649 -0.0346 0.0471 0.018 0.0052 -0.05868 08/29/86 0.05714 0.0616 -0.042 0.0352 -0.0502 0.0046 0.07119 09/30/86 -0.13181 -0.0835 0.023 0.0323 -0.0586 0.0045 -0.08544 10/31/86 0.06966 0.0447 -0.0255 -0.0141 0.0269 0.0046 0.05473 11/28/86 0.00852 0.0112 -0.0196 -0.0019 -0.0031 0.0039 0.02148 12/31/86 -0.00639 -0.0313 0.0007 0.0026 0.0037 0.0049 -0.02829 01/30/87 0.14033 0.1243 -0.0174 -0.0315 0.0212 0.0042 0.13177 02/27/87 0.05018 0.0436 0.0343 -0.0591 -0.0217 0.0043 0.03692 03/31/87 0.00866 0.019 0.0038 0.0164 0.0161 0.0047 0.02639 04/30/87 -0.03143 -0.0214 -0.0168 -0.0021 0.0023 0.0044 -0.01145 05/29/87 0.01239 0.0013 -0.0047 0.0023 -0.0073 0.0038 0.00603 06/30/87 0.02627 0.0389 -0.021 0.0114 -0.002 0.0048 0.04792 07/31/87 0.04558 0.0396 -0.0064 0.0074 0.0266 0.0046 0.04822 08/31/87 0.03161 0.0324 -0.0081 -0.0102 -0.0087 0.0047 0.03496 09/30/87 -0.00999 -0.0253 0.0055 0.0031 0.0071 0.0045 -0.02417 10/30/87 -0.21413 -0.2314 -0.0838 0.0417 -0.0789 0.006 -0.21763 11/30/87 -0.07016 -0.0758 0.026 0.0316 -0.0117 0.0035 -0.08535 12/31/87 0.1091 0.0664 0.0018 -0.044 0.0578 0.0039 0.07286 01/29/88 0.01599 0.042 -0.0069 0.0514 -0.0763 0.0029 0.04043 02/29/88 0.05114 0.0471 0.0334 -0.0162 -0.0155 0.0046 0.04182 03/31/88 -0.00823 -0.021 0.0617 0.0078 0.0064 0.0044 -0.03334 04/29/88 0.00152 0.0064 0.0095 0.0167 0.0228 0.0046 0.00943 05/31/88 -0.01741 -0.0047 -0.0268 0.0225 0.0068 0.0051 0.00318 06/30/88 0.06629 0.0466 0.0202 -0.0124 -0.0293 0.0049 0.04326 07/29/88 -0.02975 -0.0124 -0.0019 0.0228 0.0061 0.0051 -0.00541 08/31/88 -0.03216 -0.0339 0.0012 0.0208 0.0031 0.0059 -0.0386 09/30/88 0.03095 0.031 -0.013 -0.0074 0.0027 0.0062 0.03973 10/31/88 0.00678 0.0115 -0.0297 0.0161 0.0131 0.0061 0.02596 11/30/88 -0.01047 -0.0221 -0.0175 0.0128 0.0042 0.0057 -0.01889 12/30/88 0.0233 0.0148 0.0192 -0.0159 0.0042 0.0063 0.01469 01/31/89 0.05856 0.0606 -0.022 0.0049 -0.0017 0.0055 0.07112 02/28/89 -0.0194 -0.0225 0.0276 0.0087 0.0088 0.0061 -0.02894 03/31/89 0.02594 0.0148 0.0074 0.0048 0.0357 0.0067 0.02081 04/28/89 0.04878 0.0415 -0.0054 -0.0137 0.0171 0.0067 0.05009 05/31/89 0.04309 0.0314 -0.0004 -0.0084 0.0155 0.0079 0.03514 06/30/89 -0.01648 -0.012 -0.0099 0.0217 0.0066 0.0071 -0.00793 07/31/89 0.10308 0.0701 -0.0402 -0.0273 0.0538 0.007 0.08837 08/31/89 0.02185 0.0147 0.0051 0.0068 -0.0016 0.0074 0.01552 09/29/89 0.02028 -0.008 0.0035 -0.0131 0.0337 0.0065 -0.00654 10/31/89 -0.03329 -0.0361 -0.0322 -0.0096 0.0139 0.0068 -0.02518 11/30/89 0.0284 0.0109 -0.0125 -0.0108 0.0257 0.0069 0.01654 12/29/89 0.00323 0.0122 -0.0232 0.0037 0.0278 0.0061 0.02142 01/31/90 -0.07968 -0.0758 -0.0129 0.009 -0.0327 0.0057 -0.06882 02/28/90 0.01732 0.0092 0.0114 0.0064 -0.0054 0.0057 0.00854 03/30/90 0.04261 0.0177 0.0149 -0.0282 0.0166 0.0064 0.02426 04/30/90 -0.01708 -0.0352 -0.0042 -0.0243 0.0242 0.0069 -0.02689 05/31/90 0.10076 0.0821 -0.0249 -0.0362 0.0304 0.0068 0.09199 06/29/90 0.00884 -0.0105 0.0139 -0.0218 0.0242 0.0063 -0.00889 07/31/90 -0.01005 -0.0162 -0.032 -0.0007 0.0587 0.0068 -0.00522 08/31/90 -0.0882 -0.0985 -0.0353 0.0148 0.0179 0.0066 -0.09431 09/28/90 -0.05442 -0.0598 -0.0364 0.0065 0.0552 0.006 -0.05118 10/31/90 -0.02242 -0.0193 -0.0551 0.0024 0.0674 0.0068 -0.0067 11/30/90 0.07875 0.06 0.0026 -0.0292 -0.0568 0.0057 0.05993 12/31/90 0.03476 0.0235 0.0077 -0.0151 0.0015 0.006 0.02483 01/31/91 0.06519 0.0439 0.0381 -0.0168 -0.0652 0.0052 0.04152 02/28/91 0.06185 0.071 0.0388 -0.0061 -0.0481 0.0048 0.06728 03/28/91 0.05104 0.0245 0.0392 -0.0118 0.028 0.0044 0.0222 04/30/91 -0.01171 -0.002 0.0053 0.014 -0.0237 0.0053 0.00035 05/31/91 0.03969 0.036 -0.0036 -0.006 -0.0012 0.0047 0.03858 06/28/91 -0.04677 -0.0482 0.0007 0.0123 0.0046 0.0042 -0.04789 07/31/91 0.06479 0.0419 -0.0096 -0.0125 0.0438 0.0049 0.04486 08/30/91 0.02592 0.0222 0.016 -0.0077 0.0157 0.0046 0.01965 09/30/91 0.00222 -0.0156 0.0167 -0.0101 0.0171 0.0046 -0.01914 10/31/91 0.03134 0.0136 0.0082 -0.0041 0.0321 0.0042 0.01186 11/29/91 -0.01333 -0.0412 -0.0054 -0.0176 0.0123 0.0039 -0.04393 12/31/91 0.14755 0.103 -0.023 -0.0394 0.0828 0.0038 0.11159 01/31/92 -0.01537 -0.0046 0.0841 0.0462 -0.0244 0.0034 -0.0199 02/28/92 -0.00201 0.0106 0.0083 0.0636 -0.0064 0.0028 0.00957 03/31/92 -0.04294 -0.0271 -0.0108 0.0369 -0.0032 0.0034 -0.02183 04/30/92 -0.03118 0.0102 -0.0605 0.0436 -0.0257 0.0032 0.02789 05/29/92 0.00327 0.0036 0.0043 0.0118 0.0009 0.0028 0.00096 06/30/92 -0.03609 -0.0225 -0.0305 0.033 -0.006 0.0032 -0.01736 07/31/92 0.06444 0.0368 -0.0039 -0.0055 0.0142 0.0031 0.03937 08/31/92 -0.0154 -0.0234 -0.0007 -0.0101 -0.0054 0.0026 -0.024 09/30/92 0.02723 0.0098 0.0057 -0.0021 0.0144 0.0026 0.00911 10/30/92 0.03577 0.0087 0.0209 -0.02 0.0271 0.0023 0.00211 11/30/92 0.04419 0.0379 0.0358 -0.0155 -0.0032 0.0023 0.03026 12/31/92 0.02041 0.015 0.0164 0.0252 0.0442 0.0028 0.01011 01/29/93 0.01542 0.0103 0.02 0.058 0.0483 0.0023 0.00705 02/26/93 -0.03742 0.0032 -0.0336 0.0647 0.031 0.0022 0.01048 03/31/93 0.04369 0.0226 0.0032 0.0132 0.037 0.0025 0.0187 04/30/93 -0.04 -0.0278 -0.0062 0.0269 0.0033 0.0024 -0.02542 05/28/93 0.05011 0.0274 0.02 -0.0341 0.0027 0.0022 0.02272 06/30/93 0.02685 0.0029 -0.0031 0.0256 0.0451 0.0025 0.00076 07/30/93 -0.01046 -0.0032 0.0096 0.0324 0.0321 0.0024 -0.00533 08/31/93 0.03328 0.037 0.0028 -0.0037 0.0252 0.0025 0.03443 09/30/93 0.01946 -0.002 0.0311 -0.0042 0.0341 0.0026 -0.00999 10/29/93 -0.0251 0.0159 0.0145 -0.0163 -0.027 0.0022 0.01939 11/30/93 -0.0345 -0.0201 -0.0152 -0.0041 -0.047 0.0025 -0.01291 12/31/93 0.03098 0.0172 0.0125 0.006 0.0228 0.0023 0.01009 01/31/94 0.03743 0.029 0.0009 0.021 0 0.0025 0.0325 02/28/94 -0.01616 -0.0263 0.0271 -0.014 -0.0028 0.0021 -0.03005 03/31/94 -0.06244 -0.0485 -0.0089 0.013 -0.0132 0.0027 -0.04575 04/29/94 0.00292 0.0068 -0.0085 0.0168 0.0038 0.0027 0.01153 05/31/94 -0.02097 0.0062 -0.0202 0.0013 -0.0222 0.0032 0.01242 06/30/94 -0.03869 -0.031 -0.0046 0.0175 -0.0083 0.0031 -0.02681 07/29/94 0.01858 0.0278 -0.0179 0.0095 0.0018 0.0028 0.03147 08/31/94 0.05897 0.0389 0.0142 -0.035 0.0154 0.0037 0.03764 09/30/94 -0.01265 -0.0221 0.027 -0.0179 0.0132 0.0037 -0.0269 10/31/94 0.01397 0.0107 -0.0217 -0.0237 0.0147 0.0038 0.02083 11/30/94 -0.04248 -0.0409 -0.0017 -0.0005 -0.0018 0.0037 -0.03951 12/30/94 0.02283 0.0082 0.0004 0.002 0.0352 0.0044 0.0123 01/31/95 0.00279 0.0162 -0.0295 0.0173 -0.0183 0.0042 0.02428 02/28/95 0.04514 0.0356 -0.0031 0.0039 -0.0036 0.004 0.03607 03/31/95 0.0392 0.0224 -0.0031 -0.0204 0.0043 0.0046 0.02733 04/28/95 0.01666 0.0206 -0.0038 0.0176 0.0182 0.0044 0.02796 05/31/95 0.01512 0.0286 -0.022 0.0195 -0.0043 0.0054 0.03631 06/30/95 0.03728 0.0265 0.0306 -0.0298 0.0291 0.0047 0.02128 07/31/95 0.05576 0.0363 0.0217 -0.0221 0.0257 0.0045 0.03178 08/31/95 0.01363 0.0046 0.0183 0.0185 0.0011 0.0047 -0.00032 09/29/95 0.028 0.0321 -0.0202 -0.0091 0.0277 0.0043 0.0401 10/31/95 -0.01146 -0.016 -0.0397 -0.0006 0.0414 0.0047 -0.00498 11/30/95 0.03974 0.0385 -0.0085 0.0039 -0.0061 0.0042 0.04105 12/29/95 0.00212 0.0103 0.0041 0.0138 0.0251 0.0049 0.01744 01/31/96 0.02609 0.0238 -0.0246 0.0031 0.0056 0.0043 0.03262 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-0.0157 0.013 0.0021 0 0.0446 11/30/13 0.0226 0.0312 0.0134 -0.0033 0.0048 0 0.02805 12/31/13 0.02896 0.0281 -0.0043 -0.0015 0.0011 0 0.02356 Page 1