Using the IRAC (Issue, Rule, Analysis and Conclusion), rule, answer the questions below while citing relevant case laws.

Q1

Troops of country B recently took control of the government of your country A and imposed a twelve hours night curfew during which they loot shops, rape women and kill the elderly in their homes. The troops of your country A are fighting to regain control of the territories lost to country B. A bomb explosion during the curfew kills 100 soldiers of country B. The agents of the explosion are members of your war like tribe that claim responsibility for the bombing, and escape to join the troops of your country A. Both are holed up in the mountain caves in your home district, also known in the evolution theories as the cradle of mankind.

In response to the killing of its 100 soldiers, the troops of country B, transport one hundred grade six learners from your home district, to work in country B's gold mines. In addition, the troops of country B kill animals, the elderly men and women, as well as plant land mines in the family lands of the grade six learners. The government of country B have allowed its troops to use the dreaded nerve gas to smoke the enemy out of the caves. Your country A government has in turn equipped its troops to use nuclear war heads on country B, should the troops of country B further use nerve gas in the caves.

You are a practicing lawyer in your country A. Answer the following questions considering the given circumstances.

a)Identify at least five incidences undertaken by the troops of country B and discuss the applicable legal provisions for each (10 Marks)

b)Are the threats by the troops of your country A justified by imperative military necessity under international humanitarian law, why? (10 Marks)

c)Explain at least five legal obligations of country B in the territory of country A (10 Marks)

Q2

"The International war between the states of Kizima and Kifo, both state parties to all international humanitarian law Treaties, and the additional protocols, is like no other, as it seems International Humanitarian Law(IHL) is not effective at all"(anonymous).

The war between Kizima and Kifo Countries is like most contemporary International Wars. Identify issues in the contemporary wars that might justify the above statement (20 Marks)

Q3 During an armed conflict between the state of Omutola and that of Makutu, the government of Omutola declares that it cannot guarantee the safety of Journalists and the media objects. The troops of Omutola accuses both journalists and media personnel of taking part in military operations in favour of those of Makutu. The government of Makutu on the other hand denies these allegations. Omutola declares that it will no longer consider itself bound by the provisions of the international humanitarian law relating to respect for Journalists and media objects of any kind unless these are withdrawn from the combat zone. You are a legal expert working for the armed forces of the United Nations.

a) Explain the circumstances under which the Omutola government's decisions may be justified in law (5 Marks )

b) Explain the circumstances under which the law protects Journalists, media personnel and objects in war situations(15 Marks)

Q4

Violent clashes are taking place in the country of Kiboko between armed groups; Jeshi la Mwitu and Jeshi la Ngoma. The commander in chief of Jeshi la Mwitu suddenly comes face to face with a member of the opposing group Jeshi la Ngoma. Both are wounded in the ensuing hand-to-hand combat. The commander manages to bind up his own wounds and gives rudimentary first aid to his badly wounded but alive adversary. He then drags the adversary into the Jeshi la Mwitu make shift private hospital. Neither the workers of the Red Cross or Red crescent are allowed by Jeshi la Mwitu to access the private hospital and treat the wounded.

Furthermore, soldiers of Jeshi la Mwitu castigate their commander in chief saying that, as he did not leave their enemy to die, that enemy should now be executed, especially as this is the practice of the Jeshi la Ngoma when they capture wounded members of Jeshi la Mwitu. In the alternative, he should be forced to remove the landmines laid by Jeshi la Ngoma on the south territory to make it easy for Jeshi la Mwitu advance into the territory currently under the control of Jeshi la Ngoma.

a) Explain the rights of the captured member of the opposing group Jeshi la Ngoma currently in the hands of Jeshi la Mwitu under International Humanitarian Law(IHL)(10 Marks)

b) Discuss the options open to both the commanders in chief of Jeshi la Mwitu and Jeshi la Ngoma, considering they had declared at the commencement of hostilities that both armed groups (Jeshi la Mwitu) and (Jeshi la Ngoma), intended to respect the basic provisions of International Humanitarian Law(10 Marks).

Q5

During an armed fierce fighting in a war between the troops of Matumbato and those of Mamiraa the troops of Matumbato captures 3 soldiers belonging to the enemy. After two weeks intense interrogations that include denial of food, clean water and sanitation, the soldiers were transported to be tried in court. During the trial, the soldiers are denied legal counsel and are sentenced to life imprisonment.

a) Identify the infractions if at all, of the troops of Matumbato under International Humanitarian Law (5 marks)

b) Discuss using cases as examples, the entitlements of the 3 soldiers captured by the troops of Matumbato (15 Marks)