Using the lme4 package, we can call this data set with the command:

data(Arabidopsis)

Access "Package 'lme4,'" to retrieve data on genetic variation in responses to fertilization and simulated herbivory in Arabidopsis. This data set can

Explain the mathematical meaning behind each for the input parameters to the "lmer" function.

Explain your reasoning and provide examples where necessary when answering the following questions:

Are all hierarchical models necessarily mixed models?

Are mixed models necessarily hierarchical?be used with the command: data(Arabidopsis). Using the lme4 package: