Using the table below and the Agresti-Coull 95% confidence interval equation for proportions (page 193), calculate the upper and lower confidence intervals for the number of deaths due to Covid-19/SARS- CoV-2 in the placebo group; a death in this case is a success. Address the question, "Does the number of deaths due to Covid-19/SARS-CoV-2 in the placebo group differ from zero?" If the confidence interval contains zero, it is not statistically different from zero. Provide the following: 1) Null and alternative hypotheses. 2) The upper and lower confidence interval values and p-hat (estimated proportion of deaths). 3) Whether you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. Table $26. Death summary in Blinded Phase Placebo mRNA-1273 Total N=15162 N=15184 N=30346 Number of Deaths Total, n (9%) 16 (0.1) 16 (0.1) 32 (0.1) Cause of death, n Symptomatic Covid-19 Covid-19//SARS-CoV-2 Intra-abdominal perforation Stage 4 pancreatic cancer Complication of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Myocardial infarction Cardiopulmonary arrest Unknown death (details unknown, pending autopsy, unknown 2 origin/cause) Severe systemic inflammatory syndrome in the setting of CLL Committed suicide ------.N-.. Seizure End stage congestive heart failure Cardiac arrest Provisional diagnosis, sudden fatal event, likely myocardial infarction Worsening metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma Right lower lobe pulmonary nodule concerning for primary lung malignancy GI bleed and multisystem organ failure and acute hypoxic respiratory failure Head trauma Death suspected due to coronary artery disease, probably to complications of diabetes mellitus Percentages based on participants in the safety set. + Participant with a medical history of liver disease and human immunodeficiency virus, had a death attributed to Covid-19 that occurred 119 days post-dose 1; however, did not receive a second dose and was not included in the analysis of the secondary endpoint for prevention of Covid-19 death as only deaths due to Covid-19 14 days after 2nd dose were analyzed. Data-cutoff date March 26, 2021.Section 7.6 Quick formula summary 193 Proportion Estimate: p = X Standard error: The standard error of a proportion is estimated by SE, = VP(1 - P). Agresti-Coull 95% confidence interval for a proportion What does it assume? A random sample. Formula: p' - 1.96, PUT 6 P'( - P2

Po or P = 2| _ Pri successes] for X