1. Using the two-way table shown below create two separate segmented bar graphs, one where treatment is the explanatory variable and the outcome is the response variable, and vice versa. What do we see in both of these segmented bar graphs?

outcome

infection no infection Total

Vaccine 5 9 14

treatment placebo 6 0 6

Total 11 9 20

Figure 2.29: Summary results for the malaria vaccine experiment.