V. For each of the following arguments: 1) state the conclusion (if any), and 2) identify which of Mill's methods is being used. 15 points

16. If the Fed [the Federal Reserve] raises the discount rate [at which it lends money to banks], banks cannot afford to borrow as heavily as before and have to curtail their lending and raise their own interest rates [to their own customers]. That results in less money flowing into the economy. Conversely, if the Fed relaxes its discount rate, financial institutions have more dollars for their customers. Seen from this perspective, the discount rate has a snowball effect: Raising it means that other interest rates go up as well and, other things being equal, economic activity slows down; lowering it has the opposite effect. (http://www.udel.edu/htr/American/Texts/fed.html)

17. Twins ... have a [significantly] lower suicide rate, reports the British Medical journal. Danish researchers ... identified 21,653 same-sex twins born between 1870 and 1930 and established the date and cause of their deaths from 1943 to 1993. They compared the number of suicides with the general population. The lower rate for twins supports the view that strong family ties reduce the risk for suicidal behavior ....The strongest risk factor for suicide is mental illness, and other studies have found mental illnesses to be slightly more common among twins than singletons. "This should lead to a higher proportion of twins committing suicide compared with the general population, but our findings show exactly the opposite, further underscoring the importance of strong family ties," they conclude. (Toronto Star, D3, August 22, 2003)

18. Stressed children are more likely to go for high-fat foods and snacks than their placid peers, regardless of whether they respond to anxiety by eating more or less than usual. A study of 4,320 British schoolchildren, appearing in the journal Health Psychology, found a strong relationship between stress and fatty foods. Those 11-year-olds who were the most stressed ate nearly twice as much fatty foods as their less anxious classmates. They also were the biggest snackers. At the same time, they "were also less likely to consume the recommended five or more fruits and vegetables a day and eat a daily breakfast," said Jane Wardle, director of the Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour unit. (Globe and Mail, A22, September 3, 2003)