Val Cool Inc (VCC) is a privately company that sells organic household products to consumers. The company was founded in 2011 by Lisa Segal. Linda owns 70% of the company and the remaining 30% was owned by her father, Harry, who provided Lisa money to start the business. Harry was totally hands-off from VCC and let Lisa make all operating decisions. To fund his retirement, Harry recently sold his stake in VCC to a private equity firm.

Your firm of Leung & Metzer (L&M), CPAs is made up of 30 staff members, including four audit partners. After previously being audited by a different firm, your firm was approached for the first time to conduct the audit of VCC as one of the firms partners is a close friend of Lisa. Lisa specifically requested that her friend be on the audit to help make the whole audit process easier for her. Your firm was appointed to conduct the financial statement audit of VCC for the year ending December 31, 2022.

Lisa mentioned that the prior auditor used to complete the audit within six weeks of year end and she requires the same from L&M. She also requested that L&M come with her to meet the bank once the audit report is complete to help support VCC in its requirements to meet certain conditions of their operating line of credit.

As senior of the audit, you have made the following notes:

Analyzing the Entity and Environment and Analytical Procedures

1. VCC owns three stores in the Greater Toronto Area that sell organic household cleaning products to consumers. They have been successful as they offer high-end products that consumers cannot find anywhere else. Continued growth of the Canadian economy has VCC hopeful that they can continue to open more stores across the GTA.
2. To help finance future growth, VCC obtained a secured line of credit from a local bank in 2020. The loan is secured against VCCs inventory and a condition of the line of credit is that the amount of money borrowed by VCC from the bank cannot exceed its inventory balance. VCC has currently borrowed $2 million dollars from the bank while its inventory balance is $1.8 million.
3. VCC owns a retail store in Toronto and sells a range of hair care beauty products to wholesalers and retailers. VCC invoices the wholesalers and retailers when products are delivered to them with payment terms of full payment in 30 days. VCC is looking to use funding obtained from the bank to expand its operations into other beauty products such as nail care. In order to keep prices lower than the competitors, VCC buys in bulk and encourages its store customers to use cash as payment by offering a 5% discount. This has worked well and on average, 60% of its store sales are paid by cash, the remaining 40% are paid by debit or credit cards.
4. Based on correspondence with the predecessor auditor, you learn that previous audits of VCC have taken a substantive approach to the audit as the auditors did not feel controls were operating effectively throughout VCC. Other than specific changes to the companies operation (identified below) no changes were made to VCC processes during the year.
5. You have conducted fieldwork to update your knowledge about both VCC and its industry. VCC appears to be in good financial condition as assessed from a comparison of the firms financial ratios with those of other companies in its industry. Your firm was also engaged for the financial statement audit prior to the year-end inventory count, which you were able to attend. Based on observation and reperformance of the count, there were no concerns identified.

Obtaining an Understanding of VCCs Processes

1. Lisa has recognized the need to offer regular promotions to keep customers. In April 2022 a new program was developed to encourage customer loyalty. The program features a Privileged Customer card (PC card) and is available to all customers. It provides privileges such as discounts, event invitation and sales promotion notices. The PC cards are sold for $100 each and are valid for one year from purchase date. The controller has directed the accounting staff to record the PC card fees as revenue when the cards are sold, even though on preliminary analysis it appears that revenue recognition criteria has not been met at that time.
2. A "Do Not Pay for Six Months" (Do Not Pay) offer was extended to PC cardholders for purchases over $200. Many cardholders took advantage of this offer and purchased items under the Do Not Pay offer. As the response to both of these initiatives was positive, so far 1,800 PC cards have been sold. Lisa has noted it is important to continue to sell these cards since it enables VCC to connect with the PC card members regularly, to alert them about promotions and as a result there has been an increase in customer visits to the store.

Significant Events During the Fiscal 2022 Year Under Audit

1. VCC hired an external auditor to review the controls it implemented around the calculation and application of PC card discounts on sales to gain comfort that the system was applying these appropriately. The audit identified no deficiencies with the controls in place.
2. There have been a significant amount of PC cardholder outstanding balances that have come due in the last month, but these customers have not paid the amounts due, despite being contacted repeatedly by VCC. Lisa is not concerned about the unpaid balances since the controller has stated that these customers will return to purchase other products and can be contacted about the payments at the time of their return. As a result, no follow up has been performed with these customers
3. In May 2022, VCC purchased $250,000 of a newly released shampoo product, Flow Hair, from its largest supplier, Sure Hair Inc. (SHI). Flow Hair is a shampoo for people who are suffering from hair loss. SHI claims that Flow Hair increases the density of existing hair. Since the introduction of this shampoo in the marketplace, many incidents have been reported of it causing excessive scalp dryness. Also, many users are complaining that after one month of product use, they have not experienced increased hair density. Lisa has spoken to representatives from SHI and they indicated that these are isolated events. VCCs two largest wholesale customers are demanding refunds for their Flow Hair purchases and have hinted at exploring legal options as Flow Hair has not delivered to the product claims made by VCC or SHI.
4. The controller highlighted that a review of 2022s transactions identified consistent errors relating to sales and accounts receivables. Specifically, sales were not recorded for many sales orders for wholesalers and retailers that were shipped and delivered to their warehouses, as the signed delivery orders were misplaced. This was due to challenges associated with an employees medical emergency that required other employees to take over the collection and storage of delivery orders over several weeks, which each employee developing their own process for doing this. The Controller is confident they identified and recorded all missing transactions.

You reviewed a summary of key financial information of VCC as of December 31, 2022.

		Statement of Earnings		Unaudited		Audited
				Dec. 31,2022		Dec. 31,2021
Revenue
		Sales Revenue		4,019,500		3,244,000
		Other income		94,500		0
				4,114,000		3,244,000
Costs and expenses
		Cost of Goods Sold		2,001,250		1,700,300
		Administrative		310,000		285,000
		Interest expense		115,000		85,000
				2,426,250		2070,300
Earnings before income taxes				1,687,750		1,173,700
Income taxes				337,550		234,740
Net earnings				1,350,200		938,960
	Extracts - Statement of Financial Position
	Closing Inventory (net)		1,780,000		900,000
	Accounts receivable		1,251,100		740,198
	Accounts payable		1,148,573		818,524
	Bank Loan (Operating line of credit)		2,000,000		0
	Shareholders equity - common stock		500,000		500,000

Required:

A) Identify two potential threats to independence for L&M. For each threat, identify the type of threat that exists and a safeguard to eliminate or reduce the threat.

Situation that causes a threat to independence	Type of independence threat	Safeguard to eliminate or reduce the independence threat
1.
2.

b) Identify three case facts that impact the risk of material misstatement (inherent risks or control risks) at the overall financial statement level OFSL. For each factor identified, indicate if the factor increases or decreases risk , the type of risk (inherent or control, and provide your rational for why the factor increases or decreases risk.

Case fact which impacts RMM at OFSL level	Does this factor increase or decrease risk	Type of risk (control risk or inherent risk)	Rationale for why this factor increases or decreases risk

C) Identify three case facts that increase/decrease the risk of material misstatement at the account balance and assertion level . For each case fact identified indicate: the account balance and assertion affected , whether the factor increases or decreases risk, the type of risk (inherent or control) affected and provide your rationale.

Case fact which impacts RMM at the account balance level	Account balance and assertion	CR or IR?	Increase or decrease risk	Rationale for why this factor decreases/increases RMM

d) Determine overall (planning) materiality for VCC 2022 financial statement year end audit. Ensure to include quantitative calculations as well as qualitatively explain why you chose the bench mark and explain the reasoning for the area within the threshold you selected for your calculation. (6valid point.)

e) Determine performance materiality for VCCs 2022 financial statement year end audit. Ensure to provide calculations as well as an explanation of the factors you consider in determining the appropriate percentage for performance materiality.