Vaughn Company began operations on July 1, 2015, and has used the average-cost method of inventory valuation since its inception In 2019, it decides to switch to the FIFO method. You are provided with the following information: 2015 Net Income Under Average-Cost Under FIFO $52,000 $57,000 126,000 136,000 159.000 184,000 115,000 120,000 Retained Earnings (Ending Balance) Under Average Cost $57,000 173,000 319,000 398,000 2016 2017 2018 (a) What is the beginning retained earnings balance at January 1, 2016, if Vaughn prepares comparative financial statements starting in 2018? Retained earnings, January 1 $ (b) What is the beginning retained earnings balance at January 1, 2018, if Vaughn prepares comparative financial statements starting in 2018? Retained earnings, January 1 $ (c) What is the beginning retained earnings balance at January 1, 2019, if Vaughn prepares comparative financial statements starting in 2019? Retained earnings, January 1 $ (d) What is the net income reported by Vaughn in the 2018 income statement if it prepares comparative financial statements starting with 2016? Net Income $