Vernon Publications established the following standard price and costs for a hardcover picture book that the company produces.

Standard price and variable costs
Sales price	$	36.70
Materials cost		8.40
Labor cost		3.60
Overhead cost		6.30
Selling, general, and administrative costs		7.00
Planned fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	127,000
Selling, general, and administrative		47,000

Assume that Vernon actually produced and sold 35,000 books. The actual sales price and costs incurred follow:

Actual price and variable costs
Sales price	$	35.70
Materials cost		8.60
Labor cost		3.50
Overhead cost		6.35
Selling, general, and administrative costs		6.80
Actual fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	112,000
Selling, general, and administrative		53,000

Required

a. & b. Determine the flexible budget variances and also indicate the effect of each variance by selecting favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). (Select "None" if there is no effect (i.e., zero variance).)