Version B 31) Contractual provision risk is associated to conditions that are often included in a debt agreement or a stock issue. Some of these reduce risk, whereas others may increase risk. Refer to our in-class discussion, which of the followings is(are) true? A. investors of callable bonds bear higher contractual provision risk B. issuers of callable bonds bear higher contractual provision risk C. investors of puttable bonds bear higher contractual provision risk D. none of above 32) Which of the followings is(are) false? A. normal yield curve indicates yields on longer-term bonds may continue to rise, as cconomic continues to grow in the future. B. flat yield curve may arise either from the normal yield curve or from inverted yield curve. C. according to the historical data of US economy, inverted yield curve is usually an early indicator of economy expansion. D. both A and B. 33) From US investors' point of view, the currency pair of USD per one Euro S1.095 /E1.00 is the example of A. indirect quote B. direct quote