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QUESTION 1

Recently at a press conference, Network of Critical Governance (NCG), a collation of civil

society organisation (CSOs) in governance and accountability, has described the fiscal

condition of the country as abysmal and cautioned that if care is not taken the country will fall

into a bottomless pit. However, NCG did not provide any evidence to support their claims

and prediction. They only directed the press and the public to go and fetch the fiscal data of the

year and find out for themselves.

After the press conferences, a leading Media House in the country has downloaded the fiscal

data of the year 2020 from the website of government and posted it on the social media for

everyone to see. The data posted, which is verified to be true, is as follows:

GHmillion

Direct taxes 35,000

Indirect taxes 45,000

Other revenues 6,000

Compensation for employees 61,000

Goods and Services 12.,000

Interest Expense 42,000

Capital expenditure 4,000

Other expenditures 24,000

Domestic debt 125,000

External Debt 185,000

Gross Domestic Product 372,000

The Minister of Finance, however, insists that the NCG does not know what they are about and

that they are politically motivated. He concludes that the fiscals of the country are robust and

unprecedent in the history of Ghana despite the COVID-19 disruptions. He advises the public

to ignore the noises of the collation.

The Minister further explains that the government is considering abolishing the annual

budgeting practice so as not to put too much information in the public domain about the fiscal

plans of government. He is optimistic that Cabinet will give approval to the proposal and the

noises will stop. He added that abolishment of budget preparation will do more good to the

country than harm.

Another concern of NCG is how government is going about the procurement of COVID-19

Vaccine for the entire population. It contends that government should use the international

competitive tendering method of procurement in order to ensure value for money. Again, the

Minister debunked the view indicating that the country will proceed with the single source

procurement method in order to save lives. The most important thing is the vaccines arrive at

the Kotoka International Airport, he added. 3

NCG also raises issues about the porous public financial management system (PFM) of the

country, expressing that the country needs a robust PFM to achieve its development goals. It

has cited the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) report to make the case

that Ghana is performing poorly in PFM. It observes that all the seven pillars of PFM are very

weak and porous and government must do the necessary investments to improve the system.

The Minister agrees with the NCG and indicates that government welcomes proposals as to

how the PFM system can be improved to deliver the intended outcomes. The Minister discloses

that the government is proposing to establish a fund purposely for improving the PFM. The

PFM Fund, when established, will bring total transformation to the PFM in Ghana.

Required:

a) Based on the computation of relevant fiscal indicators in accordance with the Public

Financial Management Act 2016 (Act 921), discuss the fiscal performance of the

country and indicate (with reason) whether you agree with the assessment of NCG.

(10 marks)

b) Based on your computations of fiscal indicators in question (a) above, suggest three (3)

fiscal policies to government to improve the situation. (6 marks)

c) Discuss the merits of the proposal of the Minister of Finance to abolish national

budgeting, and clearly indicate your position on the acceptability and feasibility of the

proposal. (4 marks)

d) Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the proposal of NCG to use international

competitive tendering method to procure the COVID-19 Vaccine for the entire

population and make an informed judgement on the use of the proposed method.