Virginia passed a law permitting small wineries that produce less than $20,000$ gallons, to sell wine directly to customers, while out$-$of$-$state wineries have to sell first to a wholesaler, who sells to a retailer, who then sells directly to the consumer. The Family Winemakers of California sue in federal court claiming that the law violates the $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ of the Constitution, because it unfairly favors in$-$state wineries over out$-$of$-$state wineries.

A$.$ commerce clause

B$.$ dormant commerce clause

C$.$ Article II

D$.$ due process clause

Group of answer choicesc