Wang Corporation purchased $100,000 of Hales Inc. 6% bonds at par with the intent and ability to hold the bonds until they matured in 2017, so Wang classifies its investment as held to maturity. Unfortunately, a combination of problems at Hales and in the debt market caused the fair value of the Hales investment to decline to $70,000 during 2013. Wang calculates that, of the $30,000 drop in fair value, $10,000 of it relates to credit losses and $20,000 relates to non-credit losses. If Wang accounts for the Hales bonds under IFRS, before-tax net income for 2013 will be reduced by