Water for Semiconductor Manufactur- have the option of desalinated seawater ing Case: The worldwide contribution of or purified groundwater sources in the semiconductor sales is about $250 billion location chosen for its new fab. The ini- per year, or about 10% of the world's tial cost estimates for the UPW system are GDP (gross domestic product). This indus- given below. try produces the microchips used in many of the communication, entertainment, Seawater Groundwater transportation, and computing devices Source we use every day. Depending upon the -20 type and size of fabrication plant (fab) Equipment first -22 the need for ultrapure water (UPW) to co manufacture these tiny integrated circuits AOC, SM per year -0.5 -0.3 is high, ranging from 500 to 2000 gpm Salvage value, % of 5 (gallons per minute). Ultrapure water is first cost obtained by special processes that com- Cost of UPW, S per monly include reverse osmosis/deionizing 1000 gallons resin bed technologies. Potable water obtained from purifying seawater or Angular has made some initial estimates brackish groundwater may cost from $2 to $3 per 1000 gallons, but to obtain for the UPW system. UPW on-site for semiconductor manufac Life of UPW equipment 10 years turing may cost an additional $1 to $3 per UPW needs 1500 gpm 1000 gallons. A fab costs upward of $2.5 billion to Operating time 16 hours per construct, with approximately 1% of this day for 250 days total, or $25 million, required to provide per year the ultrapure water needed, including the necessary wastewater and recycling equipment. Case study A newcomer to the industry, Angular Enterprises, has estimated the cost pro- files for two options to supply its antici- pated fab with water. It is fortunate to Problem 2 - write the full problem statement A university lab is a research contractor to NASA for in-space fuel cell systems that are hydrogen- and methanol-based. During lab research, three equal-service machines need to be evaluated economically. Perform the present worth analysis with the costs shown below. The MARR is 10% per year. Electric Powered Gas-Powered Solar Powered First cost, $ - 4500 3500 -6000 Annual operating cost (AOC), $/year -900 - 700 -50 Salvage value S. $ 200 350 Life, years 100