Water is pumped from a large lake into a reservoir, through a 150m-long pipeline of galvanised steel (e = 0.15mm). The diameter of the pipeline is 15cm and it has two open gate valves, one 45 bend and one 90 bend in line. The surface of the reservoir is 90m above the surface of the lake, and the pipe outlet is 100m above the surface of the lake. Water is pumped through the pipeline at a rate of 3000L/min.

a) What type of flow would you expect to observe within the pipeline? Provide any relevant assumptions and calculations to support your answer.

b) Describe the type of flow you would expect to observe within the pipeline in terms of the behaviour of fluid particles.

c) The pump draws 65kW of electrical power during operation. How efficient is the pump?

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} \hline Bend/Fitting type & Velocityheads(K) & Lengthequivalents(Le) \\ \hline Pipe inlet & 1.0 & 45dp \\ \hline Pipe outlet & 0.5 & 22dp \\ \hline 90 square elbow & 0.9 & 41dp \\ \hline 45 bend & 0.35 & 15dp \\ \hline Open gate valve & 0.85 & 40dp \\ \hline \end{tabular}