Waterways puts much emphasis on cash flow when it plans for capital investments. The company chose its discount rate of 9% based on the rate of return it must pay its owners and creditors. Using that rate, Waterways then uses different methods to determine the best decisions for making capital outlays. This year Waterways is considering buying five new backhoes to replace the backhoes it now has. The new backhoes are faster, cost less to run, provide for more accurate trench digging, have comfort features for the operators, and have 1-year maintenance agreements to go with them. The old backhoes are working just fine, but they do require considerable maintenance. The backhoe operators are very familiar with the old backhoes and would need to learn some new skills to use the new backhoes. The following information is available to use in deciding whether to purchase the new backhoes. Old Backhoes New Backhoes Purchase cost when new $89,900 $198,135 Salvage value now $41,100 Investment in major overhaul needed in next year $55,440 Salvage value in 8 years $15,300 $91,000 Remaining life 8 years 8 years Net cash flow generated each year $30,800 $43,500 Click here to view PV table. (a) Evaluate in the following ways whether to purchase the new equipment or overhaul the old equipment. (Hint: For the old machine, the initial investment is the cost of the overhaul. For the new machine, subtract the salvage value of the old machine to determine the initial cost of the investment.) (1) Using the net present value method for buying new or keeping the old. (For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided. If the net present value is negative, use either a negative sign preceding the number eg-45 or parentheses eg (45). Round final answer to O decimal places, eg. 5.275) New Backhoes Net Present Value Waterways should buy New Backhoes equipment. Old Backhoes (2) Using the cash payback method for each choice. (Hint: For the old machine, evaluate the payback of an overhaul) (Round answers to 2 decimal places, eg. 1.25) New Backhoes Old Backhoes Payback Period years years Waterways should retain Old Backhoes equipment (3) Comparing the profitability index for each choice. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, eg. 1.25) New Backhoes Profitability Index Waterways should retain Old Backhoes equipment. Old Backhoes Calculate the internal rate of return factor for the new and old blackhoes. (Round answers to 5 decimal places, eg. 5.27647) IRR Factor New Backhoes Old Backhoes (4) Comparing the internal rate of return for each choice to the required 9% discount rate. Waterways should retain Old Backhoes equipment.