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We are interested in the causal effect of the training on the 1-month risk of injury. We11. Suppose that participants who smoke were more likely
We are interested in the causal effect of the training on the 1-month risk of injury. We11. Suppose that participants who smoke were more likely to have overestimated their calcium intake on the questionnaire. Assuming that smoking increases the risk of colorectal cancer, state the type of bias (one of the four main biases we discuss in this class) that this overestimation likely introduced into the study
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