We can explain the persistence of unemployment in an aggregate demand $-$ aggregate supply model by assuming that

There is downward wage rigidity

All unemployment is structural

There has been an adverse supply shock

The Phillips curve is downward sloping

Which of the following might shift the aggregate demand curve to the right

An increase in government expenditure funded by borrowing

A reduction in bank lending

Inflation resulting from trade unions negotiating higher wages

Falling demand for the country's goods and services in the rest of the world

We expect the equilibrium of the income determination model to be stable because

it occurs when there is full employment

The marginal propensity to save is less than one

there is downward wage rigidity

The marginal propensity to consume is less than one