We consider this question in the context of the Cherry Blossom Race, which is an annual road race that takes place in Washington, DC each spring The average time for all runners who finished the Cherry Blossom Race in 2006 in a 10 mile race was 93 29 minutes (93 minutes and about 17 seconds) Our objective is to determine, based on data from 100 randomly selected participants in the 2017 Cherry Blossom Race, whether runners in this race are getting faster or slower, versus the other possibility that there has been no change The dataset run17 originates from R package 'cherryblossom', encompassing details for all 19,961 runners who participated in the 2017 Cherry Blossom Race Predominantly, participants engage in a 10 mile run, with a small fraction opting for a 5k run or walk Data subsetting Pulling sample Descriptive Statistics Hypothesis testing 1 Specify the null and the alternative hypotheses 2 Specify the significance level 3 Select test statistic 4 Decision rule Reject H0 if the test statistic critical value or p value 5 Calculate the test statistic and the p value 6 State the conclusion and interpret the results 7 Valid your results using Data Data Analysis (t Test Two Sample Assuming Unequal Variances) Bonus If we know the population with mean of 97 80 minutes for 2017 race, based on your conclusion, did you make a correct decision If not, what kind of error (Type I or II) did you make 6 Hiwot G F 21 Ethiopia 3217 3217 321 10 Mile 22 Buze D F 22 Ethiopia 3232 3232 323 10 Mile 16 Gladys K F 31 Kenya 3276 3276 327 10 Mile 4 Mamitu D F 33 Ethiopia 3285 3285 328 10 Mile 20 Karolina N F 35 Poland 3288 3288 328 10 Mile 8 Firehiwot D F 33 Ethiopia 3316 3316 331 10 Mile 18 Tara W F 27 Portland, OR 3334 3334 333 10 Mile 24 Nancy N F 21 Kenya 3357 3357 335 10 Mile 44 Hannah D F 26 Saratoga Springs, NY 3359 3359 335 10 Mile 30 Susanna S F 26 Reston, VA 3372 3372 337 10 Mile 38 Katie K F 25 Boston, MA 3447 3447 344 10 Mile 23051 Mary D F 28 Hummelstown, PA 3456 3456 345 10 Mile 34 Ashley B F 26 Westminster, CO 3461 3461 346 10 Mile 640 Nicolette M F 22 Kendall Park, NJ 3482 3482 348 10 Mile 150 Kathryn P F 27 Fairport, NY 3484 3484 348 10 Mile 157 Julia R F 34 Columbia, MD 3489 3489 348 10 Mile 191 Kerry A F 28 Washington, DC 3529 3529 352 10 Mile 178 Amanda M F 27 Bradley Beach, NJ 3542 3542 354 10 Mile 23053 Erin K F 29 Hoboken, NJ 3575 3575 357 10 Mile 226 Jennifer O F 38 Charlottesville, VA 3579 3579 357 10 Mile 203 Maura C F 28 Arlington, VA 3596 3596 359 10 Mile 242 Elizabeth H F 34 Columbia, MD 3599 3599 359 10 Mile 198 Laurel L F 31 Springfield, VA 3612 3612 361 10 Mile 606 Amanda S F 29 Boulder, CO 3630 3630 363 10 Mile 192 Jillian P F 28 Arlington, VA 3635 3645 363 10 Mile 201 Sarah B F 34 Fairfax, VA 3641 3641 364 10 Mile 209 Catherine C F 26 Philadelphia, PA 3656 3658 365 10 Mile 216 Christina B F 28 New York, NY 3657 3659 365 10 Mile 181 Caroline B F 33 Columbia, MD 3668 3668 366 10 Mile 241 Jessica M F 36 Arlington, VA 3682 3693 368 10 Mile 190 Jamie M F 28 Philadelphia, PA 3699 3701 369 10 Mile 22352 Shauneen W F 32 Springfield, VA 3702 3712 370 10 Mile 23058 Kari C F 27 Minneapolis, MN 3728 3741 372 10 Mile 32 Heather C F 37 Brookline, MA 3744 3745 374 10 Mile 195 Kelsey M F 27 Morgantown, WV 3747 3749 374 10 Mile 213 Megan D F 28 White Marsh, MD 3751 3753 375 10 Mile 225 Stephanie F F 27 Alexandria, VA 3751 3763 375 10 Mile 706 Danielle G F 27 East Rochester, NY 3756 3757 375 10 Mile 247 Marisa D F 26 Washington, DC 3771 3782 377 10 Mile 792 Victoria B F 26 Baltimore, MD 3776 3793 377 10 Mile 249 Jennifer P F 29 Washington, DC 3792 3805 379 10 Mile 21717 Andrea K F 23 Washington, DC 3793 3825 379 10 Mile 188 Tracey S F 36 Warrington, PA 3798 3800 379 10 Mile 239 Rebecca P F 28 Washington, DC 3802 3812 380 10 Mile 1493 Mollie Z F 30 Washington, DC 3813 3826 381 10 Mile 281 Margaret J F 26 Philadelphia, PA 3817 3831 381 10 Mile 252 Katie B F 25 Mount Joy, PA 3820 3826 382 10 Mile 271 Hallie F F 29 Washington, DC 3825 3839 382 10 Mile 1404 Catherine S F 23 Arlington, VA 3828 3839 382 10 Mile 437 Brenda H F 45 York, PA 3830 3832 383 10 Mile 1372 Becky M F 37 Stephens City, VA 3831 3839 383 10 Mile 221 Emily D F 28 Dover, PA 3833 3833 383 10 Mile 222 Michelle C F 24 Leesburg, VA 3834 3852 383 10 Mile 59 Joan S F 59 Bustins Island, ME 3835 3841 383 10 Mile 243 Donna L F 30 Port Byron, NY 3837 3845 383 10 Mile 244 Mary Z F 51 Wilton, CT 3838 3840 383 10 Mile 265 Cindy C F 55 Kensington, MD 3840 3849 384 10 Mile 23052 Kristen H F 37 Kensington, MD 3843 3848 384 10 Mile 748 Hannah O F 22 Baltimore, MD 3845 3873 384 10 Mile 293 Madalyn N F 25 Glen Allen, VA 3846 3892 384 10 Mile 1119 Molly A F 31 Aldie, VA 3848 3859 384 10 Mile 223 Allison G F 31 Jersey City, NJ 3854 3856 385 10 Mile 319 Jenn D F 31 Arlington, VA 3855 3867 385 10 Mile 286 Amanda H F 33 Washington, DC 3857 3876 385 10 Mile 211 Emily W F 35 Richmond, VA 3859 3873 385 10 Mile 23130 Christina D F 39 Chevy Chase, MD 3861 3866 386 10 Mile 278 Angela H F 30 Hyattsville, MD 3861 3864 386 10 Mile 267 Erin S F 35 Washington, DC 3864 3877 386 10 Mile 853 Molly R F 30 Arlington, VA 3865 3874 386 10 Mile 918 Allison H F 24 Washington, DC 3870 3887 387 10 Mile 636 Caitlin S F 28 Boulder, CO 3874 3879 387 10 Mile 7149 Regina B F 24 Gladwyne, PA 3880 4189 388 10 Mile 331 Julie D F 28 Washington, DC 3883 3901 388 10 Mile 1292 Caroline M F 27 Washington, DC 3883 3901 388 10 Mile 255 Kelly W F 45 Ellicott City, MD 3887 3899 388 10 Mile 40 Carrie T F 40 Saint Paul, MN 3888 3894 388 10 Mile 23399 Keira D F 32 Midlothian, VA 3888 3894 388 10 Mile 258 Stephanie C F 25 Bridgewater, VA 3890 3936 389 10 Mile 229 Fontaine H F 35 Birmingham, AL 3897 3899 389 10 Mile 294 Greta S F 34 Arlington, VA 3901 3910 390 10 Mile 237 Mollie B F 23 Washington, DC 3904 3915 390 10 Mile 643 Heather M F 23 Somerville, MA 3915 3948 391 10 Mile 436 Jilanne D F 25 Arlington, VA 3916 3918 391 10 Mile 945 Eryn C F 35 Falls Church, VA 3918 3932 391 10 Mile 22361 Jody B F 35 Parkville, MD 3919 3926 391 10 Mile 282 Silvia B F 36 Rockville, MD 3922 3945 392 10 Mile 1370 Emily K F 24 Silver Spring, MD 3922 3940 392 10 Mile 1089 Cody M F 25 Westminster, MD 3923 3927 392 10 Mile 285 Liz H F 48 Darien, CT 3928 3930 392 10 Mile 219 Abigail A F 27 Washington, DC 3929 3938 392 10 Mile 431 Helen B F 28 Washington, DC 3935 3952 393 10 Mile 825 Arielle W F 22 Falls Church, VA 3937 3952 393 10 Mile 246 Rachel C F 32 Washington, DC 3941 3952 394 10 Mile 951 Daniella O F 29 Washington, DC 3948 4135 394 10 Mile 240 Leila M F 22 Penfield, NY 3952 3954 395 10 Mile 264 Sharon W F 27 Washington, DC 3956 3991 395 10 Mile 227 Jordan D F 22 Baltimore, MD 3958 3970 395 10 Mile 304 Shayna R F 24 Baltimore, MD 3962 3974 396 10 Mile 288 Noel M F 33 Sykesville, MD 3962 3979 396 10 Mile 1134 Danielle S F 29 Washington, DC 3963 4215 396 10 Mile

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We consider this question in the context of the Cherry Blossom Race, which is an annual road race that takes place in Washington, DC each

We consider this question in the context of the Cherry Blossom Race, which is an annual road race that takes place in Washington, DC each spring. The average time for all runners who finished the Cherry Blossom Race in 2006 in a 10-mile race was 93.29 minutes (93 minutes and about 17 seconds). Our objective is to determine, based on data from 100 randomly selected participants in the 2017 Cherry Blossom Race, whether runners in this race are getting faster or slower, versus the other possibility that there has been no change. The dataset run17 originates from R package 'cherryblossom', encompassing details for all 19,961 runners who participated in the 2017 Cherry Blossom Race. Predominantly, participants engage in a 10-mile run, with a small fraction opting for a 5k run or walk

Data subsetting Pulling sample Descriptive Statistics Hypothesis testing 1 Specify the null and the alternative hypotheses. 2 Specify the significance level. 3 Select test statistic 4 Decision rule: Reject H0 if |the test statistic| > critical value or p-value < 5 Calculate the test statistic and the p-value. 6 State the conclusion and interpret the results. 7 Valid your results using Data>Data Analysis (t- Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances) Bonus If we know the population with mean of 97.80 minutes for 2017 race, based on your conclusion, did you make a correct decision? If not, what kind of error (Type I or II) did you make?

6	Hiwot G.	F	21	Ethiopia	3217	3217	321	10 Mile
22	Buze D.	F	22	Ethiopia	3232	3232	323	10 Mile
16	Gladys K.	F	31	Kenya	3276	3276	327	10 Mile
4	Mamitu D.	F	33	Ethiopia	3285	3285	328	10 Mile
20	Karolina N.	F	35	Poland	3288	3288	328	10 Mile
8	Firehiwot D.	F	33	Ethiopia	3316	3316	331	10 Mile
18	Tara W.	F	27	Portland, OR	3334	3334	333	10 Mile
24	Nancy N.	F	21	Kenya	3357	3357	335	10 Mile
44	Hannah D.	F	26	Saratoga Springs, NY	3359	3359	335	10 Mile
30	Susanna S.	F	26	Reston, VA	3372	3372	337	10 Mile
38	Katie K.	F	25	Boston, MA	3447	3447	344	10 Mile
23051	Mary D.	F	28	Hummelstown, PA	3456	3456	345	10 Mile
34	Ashley B.	F	26	Westminster, CO	3461	3461	346	10 Mile
640	Nicolette M.	F	22	Kendall Park, NJ	3482	3482	348	10 Mile
150	Kathryn P.	F	27	Fairport, NY	3484	3484	348	10 Mile
157	Julia R.	F	34	Columbia, MD	3489	3489	348	10 Mile
191	Kerry A.	F	28	Washington, DC	3529	3529	352	10 Mile
178	Amanda M.	F	27	Bradley Beach, NJ	3542	3542	354	10 Mile
23053	Erin K.	F	29	Hoboken, NJ	3575	3575	357	10 Mile
226	Jennifer O.	F	38	Charlottesville, VA	3579	3579	357	10 Mile
203	Maura C.	F	28	Arlington, VA	3596	3596	359	10 Mile
242	Elizabeth H.	F	34	Columbia, MD	3599	3599	359	10 Mile
198	Laurel L.	F	31	Springfield, VA	3612	3612	361	10 Mile
606	Amanda S.	F	29	Boulder, CO	3630	3630	363	10 Mile
192	Jillian P.	F	28	Arlington, VA	3635	3645	363	10 Mile
201	Sarah B.	F	34	Fairfax, VA	3641	3641	364	10 Mile
209	Catherine C.	F	26	Philadelphia, PA	3656	3658	365	10 Mile
216	Christina B.	F	28	New York, NY	3657	3659	365	10 Mile
181	Caroline B.	F	33	Columbia, MD	3668	3668	366	10 Mile
241	Jessica M.	F	36	Arlington, VA	3682	3693	368	10 Mile
190	Jamie M.	F	28	Philadelphia, PA	3699	3701	369	10 Mile
22352	Shauneen W.	F	32	Springfield, VA	3702	3712	370	10 Mile
23058	Kari C.	F	27	Minneapolis, MN	3728	3741	372	10 Mile
32	Heather C.	F	37	Brookline, MA	3744	3745	374	10 Mile
195	Kelsey M.	F	27	Morgantown, WV	3747	3749	374	10 Mile
213	Megan D.	F	28	White Marsh, MD	3751	3753	375	10 Mile
225	Stephanie F.	F	27	Alexandria, VA	3751	3763	375	10 Mile
706	Danielle G.	F	27	East Rochester, NY	3756	3757	375	10 Mile
247	Marisa D.	F	26	Washington, DC	3771	3782	377	10 Mile
792	Victoria B.	F	26	Baltimore, MD	3776	3793	377	10 Mile
249	Jennifer P.	F	29	Washington, DC	3792	3805	379	10 Mile
21717	Andrea K.	F	23	Washington, DC	3793	3825	379	10 Mile
188	Tracey S.	F	36	Warrington, PA	3798	3800	379	10 Mile
239	Rebecca P.	F	28	Washington, DC	3802	3812	380	10 Mile
1493	Mollie Z.	F	30	Washington, DC	3813	3826	381	10 Mile
281	Margaret J.	F	26	Philadelphia, PA	3817	3831	381	10 Mile
252	Katie B.	F	25	Mount Joy, PA	3820	3826	382	10 Mile
271	Hallie F.	F	29	Washington, DC	3825	3839	382	10 Mile
1404	Catherine S.	F	23	Arlington, VA	3828	3839	382	10 Mile
437	Brenda H.	F	45	York, PA	3830	3832	383	10 Mile
1372	Becky M.	F	37	Stephens City, VA	3831	3839	383	10 Mile
221	Emily D.	F	28	Dover, PA	3833	3833	383	10 Mile
222	Michelle C.	F	24	Leesburg, VA	3834	3852	383	10 Mile
59	Joan S.	F	59	Bustins Island, ME	3835	3841	383	10 Mile
243	Donna L.	F	30	Port Byron, NY	3837	3845	383	10 Mile
244	Mary Z.	F	51	Wilton, CT	3838	3840	383	10 Mile
265	Cindy C.	F	55	Kensington, MD	3840	3849	384	10 Mile
23052	Kristen H.	F	37	Kensington, MD	3843	3848	384	10 Mile
748	Hannah O.	F	22	Baltimore, MD	3845	3873	384	10 Mile
293	Madalyn N.	F	25	Glen Allen, VA	3846	3892	384	10 Mile
1119	Molly A.	F	31	Aldie, VA	3848	3859	384	10 Mile
223	Allison G.	F	31	Jersey City, NJ	3854	3856	385	10 Mile
319	Jenn D.	F	31	Arlington, VA	3855	3867	385	10 Mile
286	Amanda H.	F	33	Washington, DC	3857	3876	385	10 Mile
211	Emily W.	F	35	Richmond, VA	3859	3873	385	10 Mile
23130	Christina D.	F	39	Chevy Chase, MD	3861	3866	386	10 Mile
278	Angela H.	F	30	Hyattsville, MD	3861	3864	386	10 Mile
267	Erin S.	F	35	Washington, DC	3864	3877	386	10 Mile
853	Molly R.	F	30	Arlington, VA	3865	3874	386	10 Mile
918	Allison H.	F	24	Washington, DC	3870	3887	387	10 Mile
636	Caitlin S.	F	28	Boulder, CO	3874	3879	387	10 Mile
7149	Regina B.	F	24	Gladwyne, PA	3880	4189	388	10 Mile
331	Julie D.	F	28	Washington, DC	3883	3901	388	10 Mile
1292	Caroline M.	F	27	Washington, DC	3883	3901	388	10 Mile
255	Kelly W.	F	45	Ellicott City, MD	3887	3899	388	10 Mile
40	Carrie T.	F	40	Saint Paul, MN	3888	3894	388	10 Mile
23399	Keira D.	F	32	Midlothian, VA	3888	3894	388	10 Mile
258	Stephanie C.	F	25	Bridgewater, VA	3890	3936	389	10 Mile
229	Fontaine H.	F	35	Birmingham, AL	3897	3899	389	10 Mile
294	Greta S.	F	34	Arlington, VA	3901	3910	390	10 Mile
237	Mollie B.	F	23	Washington, DC	3904	3915	390	10 Mile
643	Heather M.	F	23	Somerville, MA	3915	3948	391	10 Mile
436	Jilanne D.	F	25	Arlington, VA	3916	3918	391	10 Mile
945	Eryn C.	F	35	Falls Church, VA	3918	3932	391	10 Mile
22361	Jody B.	F	35	Parkville, MD	3919	3926	391	10 Mile
282	Silvia B.	F	36	Rockville, MD	3922	3945	392	10 Mile
1370	Emily K.	F	24	Silver Spring, MD	3922	3940	392	10 Mile
1089	Cody M.	F	25	Westminster, MD	3923	3927	392	10 Mile
285	Liz H.	F	48	Darien, CT	3928	3930	392	10 Mile
219	Abigail A.	F	27	Washington, DC	3929	3938	392	10 Mile
431	Helen B.	F	28	Washington, DC	3935	3952	393	10 Mile
825	Arielle W.	F	22	Falls Church, VA	3937	3952	393	10 Mile
246	Rachel C.	F	32	Washington, DC	3941	3952	394	10 Mile
951	Daniella O.	F	29	Washington, DC	3948	4135	394	10 Mile
240	Leila M.	F	22	Penfield, NY	3952	3954	395	10 Mile
264	Sharon W.	F	27	Washington, DC	3956	3991	395	10 Mile
227	Jordan D.	F	22	Baltimore, MD	3958	3970	395	10 Mile
304	Shayna R.	F	24	Baltimore, MD	3962	3974	396	10 Mile
288	Noel M.	F	33	Sykesville, MD	3962	3979	396	10 Mile
1134	Danielle S.	F	29	Washington, DC	3963	4215	396	10 Mile