We learned that there are various "shocks" to the economy that cause the cyclical movements in GDP that we see in our business cycle. We are now in a recessionary phase in the business cycle due to the Covd-19 pandemic.

Explain one of these "shocks" to the economy that has been brought about by the pandemic, leading to our current recession.

Now explain one possible positive "shock" to the economy that could possibly cause an upward, expansionary movement in our business cycle? Note that I am not referring to Government spending here.