We want to examine what factors account for differences in salary in a university department by characteristics of the faculty member: the number of years since each faculty member received their Ph.D. (X1), the number of publications (X2), gender of the professor (1=F, 0=M), and number of citations in the scientific literature (X4).

Table 2: Salary Differentiation

Case	Time	Pubs	Cites	Salary	Gender
1	3	18	50	51876	1
2	6	3	26	54511	1
3	3	2	50	53425	1
4	8	17	34	61863	0
5	9	11	41	52926	1
6	6	6	37	47034	0
7	16	38	48	66432	0
8	10	48	56	61100	0
9	2	9	19	41934	0
10	5	22	29	47454	0
11	5	30	28	49832	1
12	6	21	31	47047	0
13	7	10	25	39115	1
14	11	27	40	59677	0
15	18	37	61	61458	0
16	6	8	32	54528	0
17	9	13	36	60327	1
18	7	6	69	56600	0
19	7	12	47	52542	1
20	3	29	29	50455	1
21	7	29	35	51647	1
22	5	7	35	62895	0
23	7	6	18	53740	0
24	13	69	90	75822	0
25	5	11	60	56596	0
26	8	9	30	55682	1
27	8	20	27	62091	1
28	7	41	35	42162	1
29	2	3	14	52646	1
30	13	27	56	74199	0
31	5	14	50	50729	0
32	3	23	25	70011	0
33	1	1	35	37939	0
34	3	7	1	39652	0
35	9	19	69	68987	0
36	3	11	69	55579	0
37	9	31	27	54671	0
38	3	9	50	57704	0
39	4	12	32	44045	1
40	10	32	33	51122	0
41	1	26	45	47082	0
42	11	12	54	60009	0
43	5	9	47	58632	0
44	1	6	29	38340	0
45	21	39	69	71219	0
46	7	16	47	53712	1
47	5	12	43	54782	1
48	16	50	55	83503	0
49	5	18	33	47212	0
50	4	16	28	52840	1
51	5	5	42	53650	0
52	11	20	24	50931	0
53	16	50	31	66784	1
54	3	6	27	49751	1
55	4	19	83	74343	1
56	4	11	49	57710	1
57	5	13	14	52676	0
58	6	3	36	41195	1
59	4	8	34	45662	1
60	8	11	70	47606	1
61	3	25	27	44301	1
62	4	4	28	58582	1

After analyzing Table 2, answer the following questions:

1. What number is in the denominator of the t-test that is testing the significance of the variance uniquely accounted for by number of publications?
2. What number is in the denominator of the t-test that is testing the significance of the variance uniquely accounted for by number of citations?
3. What number is in the denominator of the t-test that is testing the significance of the variance uniquely accounted for by years since the Ph.D.?
4. What number is in the denominator of the t-test that is testing the significance of the variance uniquely accounted for by gender?