What are the three major (vital) activities (according to your textbook) that managers carryout AND DEFINE each. (1 point for each activity and 1 point for its definition)

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Phillips Chemical uses a standard cost system to account for the costs of its production of dillybobs. Standards are 1.4 gallons of materials at $105 per gallon and 10 hours of labor at a standard wage rate of $12. During September, Phillips Chemical produced 2,600 dillybobs. Phillips Chemical purchased and used totaled 3,560 gallons at a total cost of $381,180. Payroll totaled $302,730 for 25,430 hours worked. Calculate the following variances: a. direct materials price variance b. direct materials quantity variance c. direct labor rate variance d. direct labor efficiency variance