What do affirmative action programs involve?

a$.$ Firms are to develop goals and timetables to improve in each area of underrepresentation.

b$.$ Firms are expected to survey current female and minority employment by department and job classification.

c$.$ Firms should appoint an official to publicize their commitment to affirmative action and to direct and implement their program.

d$.$ Firms are required to meet EEOC hiring quotas.