What do Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), Accountable Care Organizations, and systems that penalize hospitals for patient readmissions all have in common?

Providers that agree to participate in these systems receive immunity from a wide range of malpractice suits.

All three were created by the Affordable Care Act

All three examples create some sort of internal market that changes the incentives for participants in the system

All three of these delivery approaches are restricted to taxpayer funded healthcare plans