What do the following terms mean:

Summary Conviction Offence

Articulable Cause

Reasonable Apprehension of Bias

• What is the test for racial profiling as set out by the Court of Appeal?
• What is the test for reasonable apprehension of bias?
• What were the five pieces of evidence of Officer Olson's subconscious racial profiling?
• What were the four pieces of evidence of a reasonable apprehension of bias on the part of the trial judge?

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