What Do You Expect? $($Scenario$)$

The employees at Acme Toilets Inc. are not working as hard as Jill, their supervisor, would like. The sales representatives aren't meeting their sales quotas, and Jill can't seem to motivate them to try harder. Jill has been studying Vroom's expectancy theory and has decided to try to apply it to her workplace.

If the sales reps believe that they can achieve their sales quotas, but don't believe that management will really reward them when they do$,$ their motivation is being influenced by low $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

Show answer choices

a$.$ instrumentality

b$.$ expectancy

c$.$ valence

d$.$ significance