What do you think? Can statistical reasoning be used in the determination of causality?

As part of your answer in may be useful to consider a specific situation where the determination of causality is required. Can any of the tools that were discussed in the book be used in a meaningful way to aid in the process of such determination?

Notice that the last 3 chapters dealt with statistical models that related an explanatory variable to a response. We considered tools that can be used when both variable are factors and when both are numeric. Other tools may be used when one of the variables is a factor and the other is numeric. An analysis that involves one variable as the response and the other as explanatory variable can be reversed, possibly using a different statistical tool, with the roles of the variables exchanged. Usually, a significant statistical finding will be still significant when the roles of a response and an explanatory variable are reversed.