What does the term "economic contagion" refer to in the context of financial crises?

Group of answer choices

The systematic mismanagement of economic policies by governments, leading to a domestic financial crisis.

The legal process by which a financially insolvent country declares bankruptcy to international creditors.

The protective measures implemented by multinational corporations to shield against local economic downturns.

The spread of market disturbances from one country to another, where financial volatility in one economy adversely affects others.