What effect will each of the following have on the demand for Airline A's passenger traffic (please address each scenario):

1. Competitor B improves its on-time performance.
2. Competitor B offers a special promotional fare on the same route as Airline A.
3. Competitor C increases the number of connecting flights at a particular airport served by Airline A.
4. A spur line connecting the airport with an interstate highway is completed.
5. The airport authority requests that a commuter airline share ticket and gate space with Airline A.