What is a? census, what is a? sample, and what is thedifference between? them?

Choose the correct answer below.

A.)A census is the collection of data from only a part ofthe? population, but a sample is the collection of data fromevery member of the population.

B.)A census is data collected by? governments, but a sampleis data collected by private researchers.

C.)A census is the collection of data from a large groupof? people, while a sample is the collection of data from asmall group of people. In? general, a census will contain datafrom at least 1000 people.

D.)A census is the collection of data from only the part of thepopulation that gives the results that a researcher? desires,while a sample is the collection of data from all parts of thepopulation.

E.)A census is the collection of data from every member ofthe? population, but a sample is the collection of data fromonly a part of the population.

(2.) Determine whether a census is practical in thesituation described below. Explain your reasoning.

A student wants to determine the mean height of all professorsat all colleges in a country.

Choose the correct answer below.

A census is practical. The population consists of a small numberof professors at all colleges in a country, but it is not easy toobtain their heights.

A census is not practical. The population consists of a largenumber of professors at all colleges in a country?,even though it is easy to obtain their heights.

A census is practical. The population consists of a large numberof professors at all colleges in a country

even though it is easy to obtain their heights.

D. A census isnot practical. The population consists of a small number ofprofessors at all colleges in a country but it is not easy toobtain their heights.

3) You want to determine the mean amount of credit card debtowed by adult consumers in Florida.Which sample is most likely tobe a representative? sample? Choose the correct answerbelow.

A.The first? 1,000 Florida residents listed in the FortLauderdale phone book.

B.The first? 1,000 Florida residents in a complete list ofall Florida telephone numbers.

C.The Florida drivers who own and have registered a SUV.

D.The Florida residents who mail back a survey printed in anewspaper.

4) A? magazine, which does not accept free products oradvertising from? anyone, prints a review of new cars.Arethere sources of bias in this? situation?Choose the correctanswer below.

A.There does appear to be sources of bias.

B.There do not appear to be any sources of bias.

5) Decide whether the following statement makes sense? (oris clearly? true) or does not make sense? (or isclearly? false). Explain your reasoning.

My experiment proved beyond a doubt that vitamin C can reducethe severity of? colds, because I controlled the experimentcarefully for every possible confounding variable.

Choose the correct answer below.

A.The statement makes sense because every possible confoundingvariable can be eliminated through careful study.

B.The statement does not make sense because it is not alwayseasy to discover confounding variables.

C.The statement does not make sense because confoundingvariables would not affect the reliability of the experiment.

D.The statement makes sense because confounding variables arethe only reason an? experiment's results could be doubted.

6) A voter receives a call in which the caller claims to beconducting a national opinion research poll. The voter is asked ifhis or her opinion about a congressional candidate would change ifhe or she knew that the candidate once had a car crash whiledriving under the influence of alcohol. Identify and explain atleast one source of bias in the study described. Then suggest howthe bias might have been avoided.

Choose the correct answer below.

A.The data do not seem to support the claims being made by thestudy. The researcher should consult an expert to make sure that heor she is correctly interpreting the data.

B.The study does not appear to have a? well-defined goal.The researcher should determine his or her goal and preciselydefine the variables of interest.

C.Since the sample is? self-selected, there is a definiteparticipation bias in this study. The researcher should randomlyselect the subjects of the study.

D.The wording of the question is biased to strengthen oppositionagainst a particular candidate. The question wording should bechanged to be more neutral.

7) Politicians commonly believe that they must make theirpolitical statements? (often called? sound-bytes) veryshort because the attention span of listeners is so short. Asimilar effect occurs in reporting statistical news. Majorstatistical studies are often reduced to one or two sentences. Asummary of a statistical? report, taken from anews? source, is given below. Describe what crucialinformation is missing in the given statement below and what moreshould be? known, before the report is acted on.

A newspaper reports on a poll claiming that the percentage ofadults with a? "great deal of? confidence" in militaryleaders stands at? 54%.

Choose the correct answer below.

A.The summary does not give enough information to determinewhether the study was an observational study or an experiment.

B.The summary gives all of the pertinent information forinterpreting the study.

C.No information is given about how the researchersdefined? "a great deal of? confidence" or how they askedquestions about it. The sample size and margin of error are notprovided.

D.The summary does not give a specific quantity for the amountof adults that have confidence in military leaders. It merelystates that? "a great? deal" of adults have? 54%confidence in military? leaders, with no definitionof? "a great? deal."