What is a hard cap in terms of salary?

a. A hard cap attempts to plug all of the "loopholes" that allow team owners to violate the cap, either by spending more than the cap or less than the floor.

b. A hard cap allows teams to violate it without any penalties

c. A hard cap is a means of controlling player salaries for new incoming players only - however, free agents are not affected

d. both a and b

e. all of the above

f. non of the above