What is not one of the reasons that investors would require larger yield spreads for long-duration securities, such as a 30-year bond?

a) The longer the maturity of security the greater the uncertainty about an issuers future creditworthiness due to the potential for poor management decisions and technological obsolescence. b) Longer maturity securities have historically shown higher default rates, the greater the maturity.

c) Investors usually dont require additional spread for taking on more duration risk